Моя академия (стр. 5 )

13. (there be) different types of road signs.

14. The students of this qualification also (to concern) with operation and maintenance of motor vehicles.

9. Прочитайте и кратко перескажите истории, используя план реферирования (см. приложение). Обратите внимание на незнакомые слова.

lane – полоса движения

reverse – обратный ход

polite – вежливый

offence – нарушение, проступок

to commit – совершить что-либо

rate – тариф, расценка

licence – лицензия, водительские права

1. Two drivers

Two motorcars met in a very narrow lane in London. Neither of the drivers wanted to reverse and clear the road. The driver of the first car took out the newspaper “Times” and began reading. In an hour the second driver asked politely: “When you finish reading, won’t you give the newspaper to me? “

2. They will have to go in reverse

It is suggested that a speed limit for a motorist should be reduced for every offence he commits. Then some drivers would soon have to go in reverse.

3. Much more difficult

A famous doctor was protesting to the owner of a garage about the large sum of money he had to pay for repairs to his car. “All this for a couple of hours’ work”, he exclaimed. “Why your people are paid at a higher rate then we are”. “Well, you see; replied the garage man; “you’ve been working on the same model since the beginning of time; but we have to learn all about a new model every year.”

4. She has no licence

“Have you got the licence?” asked the police patrol driver.

“Don’t be funny, officer.” Said the woman-motorist who had just hit a lamp-post. “Who would give me a licence for the way I drive? “

5. Wasn’t she afraid?

The old lady was going to take a taxi. “Driver,” she said, “I want you to take me to the station.” “Yes, madam”, said the driver. “And you must drive slowly and carefully. Don't go until the policeman lowers his arm, and, please, don't rush round the corners as the road is very wet.” The driver was getting angry. “All right, madam,” he said. “But if we do have an accident, what hospital would you like to be taken to?”

10. Найдите в текстах автомобильные термины и приведите их русские эквиваленты. Переведите тексты. Обратите внимание на незнакомые слова.

to pound – бить, колотить

club – полицейская дубинка

to cause – вызывать, приучать

to obey – повиноваться, подчиняться

intensifier – усилитель

1. A nation of auto lovers

We are a nation of auto lovers. We know all about cars. If you don't believe it stop your car in a city street. Two fellows will get out of a truck and lift your hood. The first will say: “What do you think, Bill?” “I don't know,” the other will answer, “what do you think?”

Another fellow will advise you to try stopping on the starter. The next fellow will carefully examine the fenders and want to know if you have gas.

Another truck will stop. The driver will step down, wipe your windshield and lights and ask if you’d like a push.

Then a policeman will appear and advise you to “get your car out of there.” Then he will pound all the tires with his club. The engine; which was flooded, will immediately start, and you will say a grateful goodbye to all the happy mechanics.

2. Road safety

Every year several thousand people are killed on the roads in Great Britain. These people are injured in road accidents; mainly they are knocker down at the junctions. Accidents are often caused by carelessness in respect to the road signs. Mind, that the road safety mainly depends on obeying the traffic rules.

3. If the driver is tired

The French engineer Jan Guebelen has invented a new device for drivers. The “signalizer” registers the physical state of the driver tiredness, nervousness and use of strong drinks. The device in the form of a bracelet worn on the hand is connected to the intensifier mounted on the control board of the cars; its signals put in action the servoengine which controls feeding of fuel to the carburetor, thus reducing the speed or bringing the car to a full stop.

If the driver is tired a bell is sounded to make him stop the car. In case he does not do it the car will stop by itself. It will not start until the driver has rested. If the driver is drunk, the bracelet will not “allow” him to start the car. A very useful device, especially, if we take into consideration the number of accidents on the roads caused by drivers being tired or drunk.

11. Расскажите о своей специальности (automobile engineering).

III. 2. TRAFFIC REGULATION

1. Прочитайте и выучите.

vehicular traffic – движение транспорта

pedestrian traffic – пешеходное движение

pavement markings – разметка на покрытии (дорог)

traffic markers – дорожные указатели

sign – знак

arterial route – магистральная дорога

one-way street – улица с односторонним движением

assign – назначать, поручать

traffic volume – интенсивность движения

hourly pattern – часовой расчет интенсивности движения

ordinance – постановление

right-of-way – полоса отвода дороги

off-centre lane – центральная разделительная полоса

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

TRAFFIC REGULATION

Traffic engineering deals with the direction and control of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on existing highways and streets. Thus it is concerned with the planning, design, and operation of all devices that aid the flow of traffic. Among these are pavement markings, traffic markers, signs, and traffic signals. Traffic engineering also deals with means for improving the efficiency of the existing system by the designation of arterial routes and one-way streets, and by controlling the use of these and other facilities. The integration of street and highway lighting into the over-all highway plan generally is considered a traffic engineering responsibility too. Interwoven into all the functions is accident reduction; and traffic engineers usually are assigned the responsibility for accident records and statistics. Parking likewise falls within the province of the traffic engineer because of the impact that parking problems have on street and highway operation.

The scope of aspects the traffic engineer deals with: traffic characteristics, traffic regulations, traffic-control devices, and environmental improvements. Traffic characteristics include such aspects as: physical factors, traffic volume, volume counting, speed characteristics, traffic stream flows, accidents, vehicular limitations and human characteristics.

As for traffic volume, the traffic engineer must be acquainted with some volume characteristics: hourly pattern, day-of-week variation, classification of vehicles, trends in volumes and the methods of volume counting. Traffic regulations cover traffic laws and ordinances, various types of traffic controls: speed control and curb-parking control. Traffic-control devices consist of traffic signs, markings, signals, islands and street and highway lighting.

Traffic regulations contribute to safety and decrease accidents. A most favourable effect on efficiency and the incidence of traffic accidents is dual highway. A dual highway separates opposite-direction traffic by a median divider. The separation of opposite-direction traffic by a median reduces the possibility of head-on collisions and sideswipe accidents. The width of the dual highway is varied for reasons of topography. Of necessity, the dual highway has not less than four traffic lanes. This number is efficient for traffic safety, because the driver has only one car alongside to watch.

Although the traffic engineer is concerned primarily with the traffic regulation and control, he must take into account the roadway elements, because sometimes, traffic-engineering functions are expanded to deal with problems in geometric design and highway planning.

3. Распределите слова в три столбика в зависимости от произношения окончания «s» («es»).

[s]	[z]	[iz]

Drives, watches, goes, looks, studies, talks, listens, builds, works, consists, regulates, falls, deals, takes.

4. Закончите предложения.

1. Traffic engineering deals with …

2. It is concerned with …

3. Interwoven into all the functions is …

4. Traffic engineering usually are assigned …

5. Traffic characteristics include …

6. Traffic engineer must be acquainted with some volume characteristics …

7. Traffic regulations cover various types of traffic controls …

8. Traffic-control devices consist of …

9. Traffic regulations contribute to …

10. Traffic engineer must take into account …

5. Подберите к английским словосочетаниям соответствующий русский перевод.

hourly pattern интенсивность движения

off-centre lane полоса отвода дороги

right-of-way центральная разделительная линия

one-way street часовой расчет интенсивности движения

traffic volume пешеходное движение

arterial route движение транспорта

vehicular traffic разметка на покрытии дороги

traffic market дорожные указатели

pavement markings магистральная дорога

pedestrian traffic улица с односторонним движением

6. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does traffic engineering deal with? 2. What is traffic engineers assigned? 3. What falls within the province of the traffic engineer? 4. What do traffic characteristics include? 5. What are traffic volume characteristics? 6. What do traffic regulations cover? 7. What does traffic engineer supervise? 8. What do traffic-control devices consist of? 9. What is the role of traffic regulation? 10. What must every traffic engineer take into account?

7. Определите лишнее слово в каждой цепочке, используя информацию из текста.

- planning, design, operation, cleaning of all devices that aid the flow of traffic;