Моя академия (стр. 6 )

- physical factors, traffic volume, speed characteristics, traffic stream flows, automobile characteristics, accidents, vehicular limitations, human characteristics;

- hourly pattern, day-of-week variation, parking problems, classification of vehicles, trends in volumes, the methods of volume counting;

- traffic laws and ordinances, speed control, traffic signs, curb-parking control.

8. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Организация дорожного движения – важная часть дорожного строительства.

2. Правильная установка дорожных знаков и разметок способствует безопасности движения.

3. В зависимости от функции дорожные знаки делятся на предупреждающие, запрещающие, направляющие и указывающие.

4. Правильное проектирование дороги также способствует снижению несчастных случаев.

5. Дорожные знаки и указатели очень важны на дорогах с интенсивным движением.

6. Важная функция разметок – направлять потоки движения.

9. Прочитайте текст, составьте его план и кратко передайте его содержание, пользуясь планом реферирования текста (см. приложение).

SAFETY POLICY

The continuing acquisition and analysis of accident statistics confirm great need to reduce accidents. A potential overall reduction is possible with road environment features: improvements at road junctions and intersections provide major opportunities for accident savings. On current sections the use of rumble strips and edgelining seems to improve driver’s behaviour. A check on driving in foggy conditions shows that drivers reduce speed but not down to that indicated to them on signs.

To study drivers’ behaviour in fog in relation to vehicle speed and visibility, equipment was installed on a duel 3-lane motorway during the winter which photographed vehicles from the rear and recorded their speed. A fog detector was used to switch on the equipment when the visibility dropped below 200 m and all vehicles in a selected lane passing the equipment at more than 8km/h were then photographed.

The results show that drivers did not reduce speed a great deal until visibility dropped to 100-150 m. At 50 m visibility, although speeds were substantially lower, more than half the drivers were exceeding the speed at which they could stop within this visibility distance.

10. Прочитайте тексты и найдите автомобильные термины и фразы, связанные с организацией дорожного движения. Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов.

phosphorescent – фосфоресцирующий, светящийся

tape – лента, полоса, полоска

fair – ярмарка

buckle – пряжка

tag – ярлык

lens – линза

dipped headlamp – фара ближнего света

Stepping to safety

Italian shoe manufactures have come up with new idea to give pedestrians more safety at night. Strips of phosphorescent tape are placed on the shoe bottoms to serve as safety reflectors. Every time a walker picks up a foot to step forward, his sole will grow in the dark, giving drivers warning. The device will be introduced at the Shoe Fair at Vigevano, Italy, center of the Italian Shoemaking industry.

Safe bags

Life-saving bags for children are orange and have fluorescent buckles. Children also carry reflective tag to keep them safe on the roads in the dark. Little “lenses” on the surface of the tag reflect light from a vehicle’s headlamps back to the driver. With dipped headlamps a pedestrian with a tag is visible to a driver at 148 yards. Without a tag he is only visible at 29 yards, especially if he wears dark clothing.

11. Прочитайте и переведите текст об истории дорожной разметки. Обратите внимание на незнакомую лексику.

HISTORY OF ROAD MARKING

longitudinal – продольный

reputedly – как известно, как предполагается

substantial – существенный, важный

delineate – очерчивать

roadway transitions – переходы

obstructions – затруднения, препятствия

pertinent – уместный

inclusion – включение

bead – капля, шарик, бусина

Among the earliest pavement markings was the longitudinal center stripe which reputedly appeared first in Wayne County, Michigan, in 1911. The most common design of the stripe has 15-ft dashes separated by 25-ft spaces. Other dash-space combinations range from 9-15 to 70-70. A few agencies employ continuous lines. Width of line usually is 4in., although 3-6-in. stripes appear. Colour generally is recommended white, but some agencies use yellow. Patterns and colour for pavement markings differ among highway agencies, but there is substantial progress toward uniformity.

Today painted or built-in pavement markings are one of the most helpful instruments for traffic direction and control. Stripes are employed to delineate roadway center lines, lane boundaries, no-passing zones, pavement edges, roadway transitions, and the approach of obstructions, streetcar clearances, turns, stop lines, crosswalks, railroad crossings, and parking-space limits. Symbols, words, or numbers convey pertinent information such as that about speed limits and the nearness of schools.

Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. Some units are capable of covering 60 to 70 miles per day. Hand painting by spray or brush is necessary in tight quarters. Paints are fast drying, but almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest. Normal service life of stripes is 6 to 9 months.

A variety of paint mixtures are employed for striping. Worthy of particular notice is the strong trend toward the inclusion of glass beads to increase night visibility. In 1950 more than half of paint applied was beaded.

12. а) Найдите в тексте 4 предложения, содержащие глаголы в форме страдательного залога. Переведите их, определите время, число, лицо глагола;

б) Перестройте данные предложения в Passive Voice, сохраняя время глагола.

1. A few agencies employ continuous lines. 2. Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. 3. Almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. 4. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest.

13. Прочитайте, переведите и прореферируйте текст о некоторых правилах дорожного движения в нашей стране.

1. A car driver must possess a driving licence and a registration card of a car.

2. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free.

3. The driver is responsible for the condition of his car; and in particular the reliability of his brakes; the steering; the tyres and the lights and indicators on his car.

4. While driving in traffic, the driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights.

5. Before making a left or right turn, a complete turn; accelerating, stopping, or making any other maneuvers which may alter his position in the lane, the driver must give warnings; by signaling not less than 5 seconds before he starts the particular maneuver.

6. Horn signaling may be used only outside city limits.

7. The speed of the machine is regulated by the driver according to the condition of the road, visibility; intensity of traffic and the number of pedestrians. The speed limit in cities, towns and villages is 60 km/h.

8. At non-regulated crossings, the traffic on the main street has the right of way. At street or road junctions of equal importance, the car coming from the right has the right of way.

9. At any street junctions of equal importance trams have the right of way irrespective of their direction.

10. If the traffic light contains additional lights (except those passing the pedestrians), a turn may be made only when the signal of a green arrow lit up. While waiting for this signal, the car must wait at the “stop” line.

14. Расскажите о своей специальности (traffic regulation).

PART IV

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

1. Прочитайте и выучите.

winch – лебедка

ripper – рыхлитель

digger – экскаватор

revolving shovel – вращающийся экскаватор

ditcher – экскаватор с обратной лопатой

batcher – дозатор

spreader – разбрасыватель сыпучих материалов

planner – ровнитель, планировщик

roller – каток

lock washer – замковая шайба

lock wire – замковая проволока

transmission case – коробка передач

drive gear case – ведущая шестерня коробки передач

crank case – картер (коленчатого вала)

cotter pin – шплинт, разводная чека

gasket – прокладка сальника

impurity – грязь, примесь

utility – коммунальный

linkage – сцепление

prevention – предупреждение, предотвращение

resource inputs – сырьевые ресурсы

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What information about the transport technological machinery faculty did you get from the first text?

2. Is it interesting to study here?

3. What general-educational and specialized subjects do the students study?

4. What qualification will you get after graduation?

3. Обратите внимание на произношение следующих букв и буквосочетаний.

ture [t∫ə] structure, lecture, temperatures;

tion, sion [∫n] construction, automation, conditions, inspection, operation, transmission, organization, mechanization;

qu [k] equipment, qualification.

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Construction Machinery, Road-making Machinery, Operations Management and Automation of Technological Processes. The students of the first two qualifications study the types and purposes of the machines, their structure, units and parts. They listen to the theoretical courses of lectures, fulfill lab works, and acquire practical experience in the workshops of the institute and in field conditions.

Each student should study the following types of machinery: transporting facilities (tractors and trucks); materials handling equipment (cranes, hoists, conveyers, winches, loading and unloading machines); earthmoving machines (bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rippers, diggers, revolving shovels, ditchers); stone-processing equipment (boring machines, pneumatic rock drills, stone crushers and mills, screens); machines for preparing, transporting and placing of concrete and asphalt-concrete mixes (mixers, batchers, pumps, spreaders, rollers); machines for motor-road maintenance and repair (planners, ditch cleaners, sweepers, water-trucks); pile driving machines, and repair of the machinery. Each operator should keep in mind that for a long period of use it is wise to have any machine in its best possible condition. It is considered that repairs are only made when occasion arises. The machinery will work properly if when making repairs you replace all locks, lock washers, lock wires, cotter pins and gaskets with new ones. Thereby a great deal of unnecessary work and trouble will be eliminated.