Сборник технических текстов с заданиями (стр. 4 )

Most railroads have budgets without an item specifically for drainage. They have items for rails; ties, ballast and bridges, yet funds for drainage are hidden as part of an allotment1 that covers all sorts of maintenance. Neglecting drainage has been used as a’ convenient’ way of saving maintenance money for years, and is an example of false economy.

Note: 1) allotment - ассигнования.

7. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским фразам:

одним словом (короче говоря), передавать нагрузку, создавать массу проблем, мастер, очень хорошо знать что-то.

8. Вернитесь к тексту и угадайте значение следующих фраз.

stable track, poor drainage, local drainage situations, to keep the system functional, false economy.

9. Дополните предложения, используя текст.

1. There was a time when traffic was not as heavy as it is today, and a foreman ….

2. Often railway authorities want to save money by ….

10. Ответьте на вопросы. Будьте внимательны, один вопрос не содержит ответа.

1. Do railway men pay constant attention to track maintenance? 2. Do they consider all the factors? 3. What is lubrication effect in ballast caused by? 4. What do old sayings and rules say about the importance of drainage? 5. What is the basic function of track structure? 6. What is the result of too much moisture? 7. Why are drainage works often neglected nowadays? 8. Is there any unit to measure drainage works? 9. Are drainage works properly financed by most railways? 10. Do you agree that neglecting drainage is an example of false economy? 11. What machines are used to carry out drainage works?

ЗАДАНИЕ № 7

1. Прочтите слова.

► - ture, - sure

▪ lecture, future, departure, mixture, expenditure, structure, puncture, fracture, manufacture, creature, fixture, curvature, feature, conjuncture, adventure, moisture;

▪ measure, pleasure, leisure, closure, disclosure, embrasure, treasure, treasury;

BUT: sure, ensure, insurance.

► ea

▪ increase, conceal, mean, defeat,  eager, treaty, feasible, heater, lead, reasonable, heaver, release, dean, dealer, leave, easy, beacon, lease, meaning, reach, treatment, weak.

BUT: overhead, headway, tread, ready, steady, spread, instead, treadle, measure, pleasure, weather, meant, heavy; break; really, create, realize.

► pay attention to the letters which are not pronounced:

half, walk, talk, should, could, would, hour, high, height, straight, frighten, slightly, sight, alight, fight, might, midnight, freight, retighten, ought, weight, design, benign; sign, alignment, consignment, assign, what, wheel, wharf, whistle,  wrong, wrist, write, wrench, shipwreck, deck, click, rack, reckon, stock, cockpit, know, knot, knock, knuckle, climb, comb.

2. Переведите слова из колонки А и найдите их синонимы в колонке В.

A	B
1) booking-office	a) car/ coach
2) to buy a ticket ahead of time	b) comfortable (comfort)
3) carriage	c) to link/ to join
4) to carry	d) commuter train/ local train
5) conductor	e) trunk
6) to connect	f) rapid/ quick/ swift
7) convenient (convenience)	g) direct train
8) dining car	h) to offer/ to suggest
9) fast	i) to board a train/ to take a train
10) to get to	j) to reach
11) to get on the train	k) rush hour
12) information bureau	l) restaurant car
13) long distance train	m) sleeper train
14) baggage	n) ticket-office
15) peak hour	o) to buy a ticket beforehand/ in advance
16) to propose	p) enquiry office
17) railway	q) railroad
18) return ticket	r) attendant
19) single ticket	s) one-way ticket
20) suburban train	t) to transport
21) suitcase	u) round-trip ticket
22) through train	v) luggage

3. Переведите предложения письменно с русского языка на английский.

1) Существуют различные типы пассажирских вагонов: общие, плацкартные, спальные. 2) Ты можешь подвезти меня до вокзала? 3) Поезд должен отправиться через пять минут. 4) Вы можете сдать свои вещи в камеру хранения. 5) Электричка была переполнена, поэтому нам пришлось ждать следующий поезд. 6) Мы заказали билеты по телефону за неделю до отъезда. 7) Вы не поможете положить вещи на полку? 8) Наш поезд должен прибыть через час, поэтому у нас есть время, чтобы перекусить. 9) Мы  опоздали  на  последнюю электричку, потому что застряли в пробке на дороге. 10) Летом невозможно купить билет на этот  поезд в день отправления. 11) В купе спального вагона есть  две нижние полки и  две верхние откидные полки. 12) Ты дал носильщику «на чай»? 13) Билетов в купейный вагон не было, поэтому нам пришлось ехать в плацкартном вагоне. 14) Это поезд повышенной комфортности, поэтому билеты такие дорогие.

4. Переведите устно текст.

HOW TO AVOID TRAVELING

(after G. Mikes)

Travel is the name of a modern disease, which started in the mid-fifties and is still spreading.

The patient grows restless in the early spring and starts rushing about from one travel agency to another, collecting useless information about the places he doesn’t intend to visit. Then, he or usually she, will do a round of shops* and spend much more than he or she can afford. Finally in August, the patient will board a plane, a train, a bus or a car and go to foreign countries along with thousands of his fellow-countrymen, not because he is interested in or attracted by some place, nor because he can afford to go but simply because he cannot afford not to. The result is that in the summer months (and in the last few years during the winter season too) everybody is on the move**.

What is the aim of traveling? Each nationality has its own different one. The Americans want to take photographs of themselves in different places. The idea is simply to collect documentary proof that they have been there. The German travels to check up on his guidebooks. Why do the English travel? First, because their neighbor does. Secondly, they were taught that travel broadens the mind***. But mainly they travel to avoid foreigners. I know many English people who travel in groups, stay in hotels where even the staff is English, eat roast beef and Yorkshire pudding on Sunday and steak-and-kidney pies on weekdays, all over Europe. The main aim of the Englishman abroad is to meet people, I mean, of course, nice English people from the next door or from the next street. It is possible, however, that the mania for traveling is coming to an end. A Roman friend of mine told me: “I no longer travel at all. I stay here because I want to meet my friends from all over the world.” “What exactly do you mean?” I asked. “It is simple,” he explained. “Whenever I go to London my friend Smith is in Tokyo and Brown is in Sicily. If I go to Paris, my friends are either in London or in Spain. However, if I stay in Rome all my friends, I’m sure, will turn up at one time or another****. The world means people to me. I stay here because I want to see the world. Besides, staying at home broadens the mind.”

Notes: 

*to do a round of shops – идти от одного магазина к другому, покупая что-либо

**to be on the move – путешествовать

***to broaden the mind – расширять кругозор

****at one time or another – раньше или позже

5. Верно, или нет. Если предложение неверно исправьте его смысл согласно тексту.

1) Travel is the name of a modern disease, which started in the mid-forties. 2) People begin thinking about traveling in the early spring. 3) Preparing for the trip, he or she spends more than he or she can afford. 4) In November people board planes, trains, buses, subway or cars and go to foreign countries. 5) In summer everybody stay at home. 6) Each nationality has its own aim of traveling. 7) The Americans travel because they want to check up on their guidebooks. 8) The English travel abroad to avoid foreigners and to meet nice English people. 9) The German travels all over Europe to eat roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. 10) Staying at home broadens the mind.

ЗАДАНИЕ № 8

1. Прочтите 4 диалога. Измените русские слова на английские.

Dialogue 1

Passenger – I want билет в Springfield.

Clerk – Which Springfield? There are разные Springfield’s…

Passenger – I suppose Springfield, Massachusetts, is the cheapest. It is the closest to here anyway. Fortunately, it is also the Springfield I want to go to. What is платазапроезд, please?

Clerk – Six dollars and eighty cents for билет “туда”, eleven dollars and fifty cents for билет “туда и обратно”.

Passenger – Когда отправляется ближайший поезд?

Clerk – Есть поезд в 4.10. There is also another at 7.20 сегодня вечером.

Passenger – Are they both прямые поезда?

Clerk – The 4.10 is скорый поезд and делает только одну остановку in New Heaven. It прибывает в Springfield at 9.30. These is поезд, который идёт со всеми остановками and takes about полтора часаlonger.

Passenger – Is there вагон ресторан on both trains?

Clerk – There is вагон ресторан on the 4.10. The 7.20 has only a snack bar. They as usual serve sandwiches and coffee, drinks, etc.

Passenger – What train would you choose if you were the passenger?