Программа, методические указания и контрольные задания, грамматический справочник, тренировочные упражнения, тесты (стр. 17 )

2. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже завершилось до другого, более позднего прошедшего действия, выраженного глаголом в Past Simple. В таких случаях Past Perfect употребляется главным образом в сложноподчиненных предложениях. Например:

They had already gone when I arrived. – Они уже ушли, когда я прибыл.

Утвердительное предложение +	I (he, she, it, we, they, you) had done the work.
Отрицательное предложение -	I (he, she, it, we, they, you) had not done the work.
Вопросительное предложение ?	Общий вопрос	Had I (he, she, it, we, they, you) done the work? - Yes, I had / No, I hadn’t.
Специальный вопрос	What had I done? - Что я сделал?
Вопрос к подлежащему	Who had done the work? - Кто выполнил работу?

Future Perfect Tense (будущее совершенное) употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое закончится до определённого момента в будущем. Момент в будущем, до которого закончится действие, может быть выражен обстоятельством времени с предлогом by или другим будущим действием, выраженным Present Simple в придаточном предложении времени и условия с такими союзами, как before до того как, when когда и т. д. Например:

By the end of this week we’ll have finished this work. – К концу этой недели мы закончим эту работу.

When we meet next time, I’ll have had my exams. – Когда мы встретимся в следующий раз, я уже сдам экзамены.

Утвердительное предложение +	I (we)shall have done the work. He (she, it, you, they) will have done the work.
Отрицательное предложение -	I (we) shall not have done the work. He (she, it, you, they) will not have done the work.
Вопросительное предложение ?	Общий вопрос	Shall I (we) have done the work? - Yes, I shall / No, I shan’t. Will he (she, it, they, you) have done the work? - Yes, he will / No, he won’t.
Специальный вопрос	What shall I have done? - Что я сделаю? Why will he have done the work? - Почему он выполнит эту работу?
Вопрос к подлежащему	Who will have done the work? Кто выполнит работу?

Видовременные формы английского глагола в активном залоге.

	Present	Past	Future
Every day, usually, every year, seldom …	Yesterday, last time, last year, a week ago, when…	Tomorrow, next time, next year, in a week…
Simple	I You We They	play write plays writes	I You We They He She	played wrote	I We You will (‘ll) play They will (‘ll) write He She
He She
Do	I you we they	play? write?	Did	I you we they he she	play? write?	I we Will you they he she	play? write?
Does	he she
I You do not play We (don’t) write They He does not play She (doesn’t) write	I You We did not play They (didn’t) write He She	I We You will not play They (won’t) write He She
	At the moment, now	At that time, yesterday, at 5 o’clock, when he came	Tomorrow, at this time, this time, next Monday
Progressive (be + ing – form)	I	am	playing writing	I He She	was	playing writing	I We be playing He will (‘ll) She be writing You They
You We They	are
We You They	were
He She	is
Am	I	playing? writing?	Was	I he she	playing? writing?	I we be playing? Will he she be writing? you they
Are	you we they
Were	we you they
Is	he she
I am not You We are not playing They (aren’t) writing He is not She (isn’t)	I He was not She (wasn’t) playing You writing We were not They (weren’t)	I We He will not be playing She (won’t) be writing You They
	Today, already, yet, this week (month, year), never, recently, since…	By 5 o’clock, by the end of…, when he came	By this time, next Monday, as soon as, he came
Prefect (have + V3)	I You We They	have	played written	I You We They He She	had	played written	I We have played You will He have written She They
He She	has
I Have we you they Has he she	played? written?	Had	I we you they he she	played? written?	I we played? Will you have they written? he she
I You have not We (haven’t) They played written He has not She (hasn’t)	I You We had not played They(hadn’t) written He She	I We have played You will not He (won’t) She have played They
	Present	Past	Future

	Present	Past
Since then, for an hour, already, for a long time… How long...? Since when…?	Since the time when, before…
Perfect Progressive (have been + ing – from)	I You We They	have	been playing been writing	I You We They He She	had been	playing writing
He She	has
Have	I You We They	been playing? been writing?	Had	I You We They He She	been playing? been writing?
Has	He She
I You We They	have not	been playing been writing	I You We They He She	have not been (haven’t) has hot been (hasn’t)	playing writing
He She	has not

3.9 Страдательный залог

Passive Voice

Страдательный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано кем произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by, если указано чем производится действие (с помощью чего), то употребляется предлог with. Например: Radio was invented by Popov. – Радио было изобретено Поповым.