Теоретическая грамматика английского языка (стр. 7 )

Грамматическая категория числа в английском языке.

Классификация номинативных единиц в английском языке.

Категория наклонения в английском языке.

Вербоцентричная концепция предложений и теория валентности.

Семантико-синтаксические категории модально-предикативного конституента предложения.

Тема-рематическая организация высказывания.

Корпус базисных структур английского предложения. Типы синтаксических связей в английском языке.

Способы выражения подлежащего в английском языке и его семантические типы.

Семантическая обусловленность формы сказуемого с подлежащим – собирательным существительным.

Типология сказуемого в английском языке.

Структурно-семантический анализ контаминированного сказуемого.

Заочное отделение

Тематика лекционных занятий (28 часов)

1.  Основные понятия морфологии. Теория частей речи. Принципы выделения частей речи. (4 часа)

2.  Имя существительное. Структурно-семантические классы. Грамматические категории существительных. (4часа)

3.  Глагол. Морфологическая классификация. Структурно-семантические классы.. (4 часа)

4.  Грамматические категории глагола (4 часа)

5.  Синтаксис. Проблема определения предложения. Классификация предложений. (4 часа)

6.  Сложное предложение. Сочинительная и подчинительная связь. (4 часа)

7.  Теория текста. Структура и основные признаки микротекста. (4 часа)

Вопросы для самостоятельного изучения (112 часов)

1.  К истории возникновения грамматических учений.(4 часа)

2.  Предмет теоретической грамматики. Составные части: морфология, синтаксис, текст. Морфологические единицы. (6 часов)

3.  Понятие частей речи. Проблема конверсии частей речи. (6 часов)

4.  Имя существительное. Категории имени существительного. (6 часов

5.  Имя прилагательное. (6 часов

6.  Местоимения и наречия. (6 часов)

7.  Глагол. Морфологическая и структурно-семантическая классификации глагола. (6 часов)

8.  Грамматические категории глагола. (6 часов)

9.  Система временных форм глагола. (6 часов)

10.  Неличные формы глагола. (6 часов)

11.  Валентность. (6 часов)

12.  Синтаксис. Синтаксические единицы. Синтаксические категории. (6 часов)

13.  Предложение. Принципы его классификаций. (6 часов).

14.  Актуальное членение предложения(6 часов).

15.  Члены предложения. Принципы их классификации. Главные и второстепенные члены предложения. (6 часов)

16.  Фраза и предложение. (6 часов)

17.  Сложное предложение. Сочинительная и подчинительная связь. (6 часов)

18.  Сверхфразовые единства. (6 часов)

19.  Грамматика текста. (6 часов)

Глоссарий грамматических понятий

Language – a system of signs used for forming, storing and exchanging information in the process of human communication.

Morpheme – the smallest meaningful unit of the language.

Grammatical meaning – a general abstract meaning which unites classes of forms or words and finds its expression through formal markers thus placing a linquistic unit in a grammatical category or a grammatical class of words.

Grammatical form – a means of expressing a grammatical meaning.

Grammatical category – a generalized grammatical meaning by means of paradigmatic correlation of grammatical forms.

Functional-semantic category – a system of heterogeneous means of the language constituted on the basis of common semantic contents or a common semantic function.

Parts of speech – large lexico-grammatical classes of words differentiated on the basis of their semantic, morpholodical and syntactic properties.

Elementary sentence – the sentence based on the minimum structural scheme which includes the predicate and the obligatory parts of the sentence.

Theme – a part of the utterance contains given, familiar information which serves as the starting point of the utterance.

Rheme – a part of the utterance presents new information for the sake of which the utterance is made.

Parts of the sentence – minimal syntactic units distinguished on the basis of their formal features (morphological forms and position in the sentence).

Phrase – a group of two or more syntactically related notional words within the structure of the sentence based on a certain grammatical relations.

Composite sentence – a polipredicative syntactic unit composed from two or more clauses which constitute a syntactic, semantic, communicative whole.

Compound sentence – a syntactic unit which consists of two or more clauses joined together on the basis of coordinate relations.

Semicompound sentence – a structure that contains two types of predicatin: primary and secondary connected by coordinate relations.

Complex sentence – a polipredicative syntactic structure that includes two or more clauses with subordinate relations between them.

Text – a complex syntactic unity of sentences based on the structural, semantic, communicative cohesion.

Методические рекомендации по реализации средств контроля

ВОПРОСЫ К ЭКЗАМЕНУ

Examination questions

1.  The theory of English grammar.

2.  Different approaches to the study of grammar.

3.  The levels of the language and interaction between them.

4.  The mortheme theory. Classification of morphemes.

5.  The grammatical meaning and its specific features. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic meanings.

6.  The grammatical form. Types of form – building in English.

7.  The grammatical categories. Postulates.

8.  The grammatical categories. Types.

9.  The nottions of oppositions. Types of oppositions. Neutralization and transposition.

10.  The functional – semantic category. The status and structure.

11.  The criteria of classifying the vocabulary into lexico-grammatical classes. Different approaches.

12.  The system of parts of speech in English.

13.  The noun and its general characteristics. The problem of gender.

14.  The grammatical category of number in English.

15.  The grammatical category of case in English nouns.

16.  Article determination of the English nouns.

17.  The adjective in English.

18.  The adverb in English.

19.  The verb and its general characteristics. Subclasses of verbs.

20.  Predicativity. The definition and ways of actualization.

21.  The grammatical category of tense.

22.  The grammatical category of aspect.

23.  The grammatical category oftime correlation.

24.  The grammatical category of voice.

25.  The simple sentence and its essential features.

26.  General peculiarities of sentence categories.

27.  The category of predicatiоn

28.  The category of modality.

29.  The category of negation

30.  The semantic aspect of the sentence.

31.  The structural aspect of the sentence

32.  The communicative aspect of the sentence. Classification of sentences according to the communicative aim.

33.  The actual division of the sentence.

34.  The parts of the sentence theory. The subject and predicate and their characteristics.

35.  The secondary parts of the sentence and their characteristics.

36.  Types of subordinate clauses in the sentence.

37.  The composite sentence

38.  The syntactic processes in the sentence

39.  The cоmpоund and semi - cоmpоund sentence.

40.  Оbject, attribute, adverbial clauses.

41.  The text and its general characteristics.

42.  Textual categоries.

43.  The syntax оf the phrase.

44. Types оf subоrdinate clauses in the sentence view.

ОБРАЗЦЫ ТЕСТОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ

THE PОSITIОN ОF GRAMMAR IN THE STRUCTURE ОF LANGUAGE

1. What is the lowest level of language?

1) phonemic

2) morphemic

3) lexemic

2. What is the level of language between the phrasemic level and the dictemic one?

1) sentential

2) morphemic

3) lexemic

THE BASIC NОTIОNS ОF MОRPHОLОGY

3. What is the smallest meaningful unit of the language?

1) morpheme

2) lexeme

4. The central notion of morphology is:

1)  morpheme

2)  lexeme

5. In the process of … a grammatical form acquires a new lexical meaning and a result of it may change its status and become a lexical unit:

1)  lexicalization

2)  grammaticalization

6. In the process of … a word loses its lexical meaning and the status of a notional word and becomes an auxiliary word that carries a grammatical meaning:

1) lexicalization

2) grammaticalization

7. The opposition contained two elements is called …

1) binary

2) quarternary

8. The opposition characterized by the presence or absence of one and the same feature is called…

1) privative

2) equipollent

9. The opposition contained three elements is called …

1)  binary

2)  ternary

10. The opposition characterized by a different degree of the same feature is called …

1)  privative

2)  gradual

11. The process of using a weak member of all opposition instead of a strong member is called …

1) neutralization

2) transposition

12. The process of using a strong member of all opposition instead of a weak member is called …

1) transposition

2) neutralization

13. Fill in the blank with an appropriate word: The systems of heterogeneous means of the language constituted on the basis of common semantic contents or a common semantic function are called... categories.

1) functional-semantic

2) paradigmatic

THE NОUN AND ITS GRAMMATICAL CATEGОRIES

14. Who is the author of the system of word classes based on the syntactic criterion?

1) H. Sweet

2) Ch. Fries

3) M. Garner

15. What a grammatical category is observed in the pair of words: a steward – a stewardess:

1) category of gender

2) category of person

16. Define the syntagmatic meaning of the possessive case in the sentence:»He was dressed in sailor’s pants.»

1) pure possessivity

2) destination

3) description

17. Define the syntagmatic meaning of the possessive case in the sentence:»I like Shakespeare’s sonnets.»

1) pure possessivity

2) authorship

3) description

18. Define the syntagmatic meaning of the possessive case in the sentence:»As far as I know she was at the dean’s»

1) pure possessivity

2) location

«THE VERB AND ITS GRAMMATICAL CATEGОRIES»

19. The grammatical category of … expresses the relation between the time of the action and the moment of speech:

1) tense

2) mood

20. Valency is the ability of the … to determine the number and the character of other parts of the sentence:

1) verb

2) noun

21. The grammatical category of … expresses a specific type of temporal relations correlating actions in their relation to one another on the time axis:

1) time correlation

2) tense

22. The grammatical category of … expresses the relation of the action to reality as stated by the speaker:

1) mood

2) aspect

23. State the class of the verb in the sentence:»This little river runs dryevery summer.»

1) functional

2) notional

24. State the grammatical category the opposition constitutes: has: : has had

1) grammatical category of time

2) grammatical category of voice

3) grammatical category of time correlation

25. State the grammatical category the opposition constitutes: will have : : will be having

1) grammatical category of time

2) grammatical category of voice

3) grammatical category of aspect

26. State the grammatical category the opposition constitutes: boy :: boy’s

1) grammatical category of gender

2) grammatical category of case

27. State the grammatical category the opposition constitutes: goose :: geese

1) grammatical category of gender

2) grammatical category of number

28. State the grammatical category the opposition constitutes:he :: him

1) grammatical category of gender

2) grammatical category of case

29. What is the most productive suffix of adverbs?

1) ward

2) ly

30. Define two unequal subclasses of adjectives:

1) qualitative and relative

2) relative and quantitative

«THE SENTENCE AND ITS ASPECTS»

31. Which aspect of a sentence deals with the problem how the sentence is built?

1) form

2) function

32. Which aspect of a sentence tells us what the sentence is about?

1) meaning

2) function

33. Which category of a sentence refers the nominative contents of the sentence to reality?

1) predicativity

2) modality

34. Define the syntactic process in the sentence: «In a hurry?»

1) ellipsis

2) compounding

35. The … sentence presents a request for information wanted by the speaker from the listener:

3) interrogative

4) imperative

36. Which category of the sentence expresses different types of the relations between the utterance and reality?

1)  modality

2)  negation

37. Define the syntactic process in the sentence: «It must have been obvious: those looks, those sighs, those shudderings.»

1) extention

2) expantion

38. The … sentence expresses inducement, either affirmative or negative and its communicative function is to induce the listener to perform an action:

1) imperative

2) exclamatory

39. State the syntactic process: «I waited and waited and waited.»

1) extention

2) detachment

40. State the syntactic process: «She offended him – solid, quick, clear – French.»

1) extention

2) detachment

41. State the syntactic process: «It was a joke – It must be a joke.»

1) extention

2) contamination

42. State the syntactic process: «He is fourty- eight and he looks it.»

1) extention

2) substitution

43. State the syntactic process: «I went to a small restaurant for dinner. Alone.»

1) extention

2) parcelation

44. State the syntactic process: « What for?»

1) representation

2) ellipsis

45. State the syntactic process: «In a hurry?»

1) representation

2) ellipsis

46. State the syntactic process: «He resigned. This afternoon.»

1) substitution

2) detachment

47. State the syntactic process: «I am very happy.» «You look it.»

1) extention

2) substitution

48. State the syntactic process: «She was fat and smooth and smiling.»

1) ellipsis

2) contamination

«THE PARTS ОF THE SENTENCE»

49. Define the subject: «Now he would never have a chance to finish it.»

1) now

2) now he

3) he

50. Define the predicate: «He was to call for me to choose the present.»

1) was

2) was to call

3) was to call for me to choose

«THE SENTENCE AND ITS CATEGОRIES»

51. State the form of the mood in the sentence:»It would be worse than before if I should lose you know.»

1) Subjunctive I

2) Subjunctive II

52. State the form of the mood in the sentence:»I wished she would not always treat me as a child.»

1) Subjunctive I

2) Subjunctive II

53. State the form of the mood in the sentence:»She had suggested that Abraham arrive precisely at one-thirty.»

1) Subjunctive I

2) Subjunctive II

54. State the form of the mood in the sentence:»Hooker repeated the name as if he had never heard it before.»

1) Subjunctive I

2) Subjunctive II

55. State the form of the mood in the sentence:»Perhaps it was essential that somebody should investigate them.»

1) Subjunctive I

2) Subjunctive II

«THE CОMPОSITE SENTENCE»

56. Define the coordination:» You’ ll either sail this boat correctly or you’ll never go out.»

1) copulative

2) disjunctive

3) adversative

57. Define the coordination:»It was atfernoon, but very dark outside, and the lamps had been turned on.»

1) copulative

2) disjunctive

3) adversative

58. Define the kind of the sentence: «If I had bought the pictures I would be a rich woman now.»

1) compound

2) complex

59. Define the kind of the sentence: «At fifteen he left his home town never to come back again.»

1) compound

2) semi – compound

60. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «I know that the match will be cancelled.»

1)  object

2)  subject

3)  predicate

61. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «You can keep these records as long as you like.»

1)  adverbial modifier of time

2)  adverbial modifier of place

3)  adverbial modifier of purpose

62. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «They are excited by what he hear.»

1) object

2) subject

3) predicate

63. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «Everywhere Jenny goes she’s mistaken for Princess Diana.»

1) adverbial modifier of place

2) adverbial modifier of purpose

3) adverbial modifier of cause

64. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «Because there was very little support, the strike was not successful.»

1) adverbial modifier of reason

2) adverbial modifier of time

3) adverbial modifier of cause

65. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «Whatever I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.»

1) adverbial modifier of concession

2) adverbial modifier of reason

3) adverbial modifier of purpose

66. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «Beautiful though the necklace was, we thought it was over-priced.»

1) adverbial modifier of concession

2) adverbial modifier of reason

3) adverbial modifier of purpose

67. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you.»

1) adverbial modifier of reason

2) adverbial modifier of time

3) adverbial modifier of cause

68. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «It was possible hat they might encounter some one.»

1) subject

2) object

3) predicate

69. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «He wondered why he should look back.»

1) subject

2) object

3) predicate

70. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «I think my father is the best man I have over know.»

1) subject

2) attributive

3) predicate

71. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «They probably lowered the bridge, which can be done quite noiselessly.»

1) subject

2) attributive

3) predicate

72. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «It was as if these men and woman had matured.»

1) subject

2) attributive

3) predicate

73. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «I shall hope to visit you whenever I happen to be in London.»

1) adverbial modifier of time

2) adverbial modifier of place

3) adverbial modifier of concession

74. Define the kind of the underlined subordinate clause: «I will do anything you wish, provided it lies in my power»

1) adverbial modifier of time

2) adverbial modifier of place

3) adverbial modifier of condition

75. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «I turned away so that Frith should not see my face.»

1) adverbial modifier of time

2) adverbial modifier of condition

3) adverbial modifier of purpose

76. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «However brilliant you are you can’t know everything.»

1) adverbial modifier of concession

2) adverbial modifier of condition

3) adverbial modifier of purpose

77. Define the kind of the subordinate clause: «He moves more slowly than his sister does.»

1) adverbial modifier of comparison

2) adverbial modifier of cause

3) adverbial modifier of purpose

ОБРАЗЦЫ ТЕСТОВЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ ЗНАНИЙ

1. What syntagmatic process is observed in the sentence:»That fellow was always coming to their place.»

1) neutralization

2) transposition

2. What syntagmatic process is observed in the sentence:»Rennie changes some money, then she waits while a tired uniformed woman pokes through her purse and bags.»

1) neutralization

2) transposition

3. What syntagmatic process is observed in the sentence:»As I smoked the pipe before going to bed I turned over in my mind the possible reasons...»

1) neutralization

2) transposition

4. State the type of form-building of the word: will speak