Omsk Region has a wide variety of wildlife, including more than 3000 invertebrate species, about 250 bird species, 20 fish species, and 5 amphibian species. Nature reserves and other protected natural sites occupy 7.5% of the region's total area.
ECONOMY
The building material, power, oil refining, light, food, forest, woodworking, chemical, petrochemical, and engineering industries comprise Omsk Region's industrial base. Three of these sectors, namely, the oil refining, petrochemical, and engineering industries, together with agriculture, are important for both the region and for Russia. Most engineering industry production is oriented towards the defense panies in the engineering sector manufacture AN-74 airplanes; cultivator tractors; TV-7-117 aircraft engines; new communication facilities; medical, agricultural, and oil and gas equipment; compressor motors for refrigerators and freezing rooms; cryogenic, navigational, and hydraulic equipment; car tires; and many other products.
Some of the largest defense industry companies are the Polet Production Association (PO Polet), Transport Engineering Plant Production Association (PO Zavod transportnogo mashinostroeniya), OAO Siberian Cryogenic Equipment (Sibkriotekhnika), Omsk Baranov Engine-Building Production Association (OMP im. P. I. Baranova), Siberian Devices and Systems Production Association (PO Sibirskie pribory i sistemy), OAO Relero, Irtysh Production Association (PO Irtysh), OAO Omsk Hydraulic Drive (Omskgidroprivod), and OAO Omsk Assembly Plant (Omsky agregatny zavod). The latest developments of research institutes and design bureaus are used to manufacture panies in various sectors, including the electrical and electronics industries, instrument making, aircraft manufacture, and agricultural and chemical engineering, are concentrated in Omsk. PO Omsknefteorgsintez (oil refining), Omsk Synthetic Rubber Plant (Omsky zavod sinteticheskogo kauchuka; chemicals and petrochemicals), Omsk Tire Plant Production Association (PO Omskshina), Omsk Plastic Factory (Omsky zavod plastmass), and various food industry companies are also located here. Omsk is one of Russia's five largest industrial centers in terms of output.
The region's natural resource potential and its location on transportation routes have influenced the development of the above-mentioned industries. Fertile soils and climatic conditions favorable for agriculture have led to region-wide development of many agricultural sectors and companies of the food industry, and to some extent light industry, that process raw agricultural products. The dairy, butter - and cheesemaking, meat, and meat canning sectors predominate the food industry. The presence of the Main Siberian rail line in the southern part of the region has influenced the formation of heavy industry, e. g., engineering, oil refining, and petrochemicals.
The forest and woodworking industries of Omsk Region are based on regional resources and requirements. Logging is mainly concentrated in the forest zone and does not exceed 2 million m3 of whole timber per year. Nearly 90% of woodworking industry production, consisting of lumber, chipboard, and furniture, is located in Omsk and its suburbs and the remainder in Tara, Ust-Ishim, Muromtsev, and Ekaterininsky.
The building material industry is oriented towards the production of reinforced concrete structures for industrial construction and large-panel house building, wall and roofing materials, and asphalt. Nearly 90% of the main facilities are located in Omsk. Construction of private housing using up-to-date technologies is going on under the organized regional programs "Housing" and "Your Own House," and comfortable housing is being built in cooperation with Canadian specialists under the joint Toronto-Omsk project.
Agriculture is one of Omsk Region's leading sectors. There are four distinct agricultural zones within the region: steppe, southern forest steppe, northern forest steppe, and northern. Nearly 7 million hectares of fertile land are available for use, including more than 4 million hectares for cropland, about 1 million hectares for hayfields, and slightly less than that for pasture; about hectares of land are irrigated.
Grain growing is the main form of plant cultivation in Omsk Region. Most of the grain crop consists of hard and durum wheat. Grain yields are sufficient to meet the region's requirements, but vegetable supplies satisfy only 50% of demand.
The nearly 400 agricultural enterprises in the region include joint-stock companies, partnerships, and state and collective farms. In addition, there is a farming sector consisting of 7500 private farms that were set up in the course of agricultural reform. They hold 7% of the lands and 9% of the cropland in the region.
Farm owners in the region realized from historical experience that it was possible to grow sunflowers and other oilseed crops in Siberia, so there was no need to import them from southern European Russia. Today, betweenandhectares are sown in these crops, which is five to six times more than in the past few years. New, high-performance technologies for multipurpose utilization of milk and secondary raw materials are being introduced, and new industries and lines of business are developing. Beekeeping is widespread, and its products are sold in Omsk and other regions.
Livestock faming plays a leading role in the region's agriculture. Its products not only meet the requirements of the population of Omsk Region, but also provide a surplus for export to neighboring regions. Omsk Region has risen from sixth to second place in per capita milk production and from twelfth to third place in per capita beef and poultry production. However, maintaining these positions requires the production of 1-1.1 million tons of milk, tons of beef and poultry, and 520-530 million eggs. The use of new preincubation technologies has allowed the Politeks Company to increase output of standard-weight chickens by an average of 3-5%, to great economic effect. Livestock farming also includes farm holdings having five or more cows and selling 4 to 5 tons of milk and 2 to 3 tons of meat live weight for processing. These farms have a number of unresolved problems, such as poor financing, technical assistance, and low market prices. In order to help these farms (which include collective farms), the regional administration intends to provide support, give low-interest loans and leases, and grant subsidies and compensation.
AUTHORITIES
In accordance with the Charter of Omsk Region, the Governor is the region's highest official, who heads the Administration on the basis of undivided authority. Any citizen of the Russian Federation who is at least 30 years old may be elected to this post. Citizens of the Russian Federation residing in Omsk Region elect the Governor for a five-year term by secret ballot on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage.
In accordance with the Charter (Fundamental Law) of Omsk Region, the Legislative Assembly headed by the Chairman is the region's highest and only standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly consists of 30 deputies elected for a five-year term by citizens of the Russian Federation residing in Omsk Region on the basis of universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
CULTURAL HISTORY OF OMSK
The culture of Omsk land began developing long before our time. The Huns, Avars, Ugrians, Turks, and Mongols who once lived here have all left their mark on it. Cossack culture began forming after the fall of the Siberian Khanate in the late 16th century.
As late as 1924, Omsk Province had only 6 reading rooms and 39 cultural clubs. Today, however, Omsk Region is Siberia's largest industrial and cultural center, with 1311 clubs and cultural facilities and nearly 1000 libraries. Since Omsk Region was formed in 1934, many new buildings have been constructed, including a theater for children and youth, a musical theater, a circus, a concert hall, the Irtysh sports and concert complex, and the Green Island (Zeleny ostrov) cultural and sports complex. Seven important cultural facilities have been opened, among them the Pushkin State Regional Science Library, Omsk Region's main general-purpose library.
People of many nationalities who are maintaining and developing their national traditions and cultures live side by side in the region. Omsk Region has more than 970 public political and national cultural organizations, the largest being the Russian cultural center, the Tatar-Bashkir cultural center, the Kazakh branch of the Kazakh-Tili international association, the Prosvita Ukrainian cultural center, the Soglasie and Wiedergeburt German cultural associations, the Shalom Jewish cultural association, the association of Russia Latvians, the Ingermanland Finnish cultural center, and the Luis Armenian cultural center.
Many talented people have lived in Omsk land. They were directors, artists, poets, writers, singers, and composers who created masterpieces of world culture. Among them were painter Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (), poet Pavel Nikolaevich Vasilev (), scientist and poet Petr Lyudvikovich Dravert (), Soviet military commander and professor Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev (), and explorer of Central Asia Mikhail Vasilevich Pevtsov (). A whole new group of modern talents has appeared in our time as well, from performing artists to painters and composers and many others. Folklore and dance ensembles, women's chamber choirs, and authors' talent clubs operate in the city of Omsk.
The region's 32 state museums have more than unique exhibits, and 60 private museums have exhibits. The Vrubel Regional Museum of Fine Arts in Omsk is one of the largest in Siberia and in Russia. Its collection includes more thanpriceless works by Russian, Soviet, and foreign artists. Among its exhibits are a splendid collection of porcelain and paintings by Repin, Kramsky, Surikov, Levitan, Vasnetsov, Vrubel, and Rerikh. The Regional Historical Museum founded in 1878 presents a broad picture of the culture and daily lives of the people of Siberia from Russian settlers and Siberian Tatars to Kazakh cattle herders.
Omsk has long been recognized as the theater capital of Siberia, and many of its actors have performed on Russia's best stages. The region has seven professional state theaters: the Galerka Drama and Comedy Theater, an Academic Drama Theater, a Musical Theater, a Theater for Children and Youth, a Puppet Theater, the Fifth State Drama Theater and the L. Ermolaeva Studio Drama Theater. The Academic Drama Theater was founded in 1947 and since then has won a reputation as one of Russia's best theaters. The Puppet Theater was opened in 1936 and in 1992 was renamed the Harlequin (Arlekin) State Puppet, Actor and Mask Theater. The best known amateur group in Omsk is the Lyceum (Litsei) Municipal Theater.
Architecture embodies the ideas of famous architects and artists in stone. The streets, houses, and squares of Omsk Region, as well as books, will acquaint you with its rich history and culture from the time of Peter the Great and wooden fortified towns to modern buildings. Today, there are 1727 historical and architectural monuments in Omsk Region. One of them is the architectural ensemble known as Lyubinsky Avenue (Prospekt) located on Lenin Street (ul. Lenina) in Omsk. The buildings date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are unique for their size, style, and importance to the city's development. The large buildings of the Moscow Merchant Row (1904) and the Rossiya Hotel with its restaurant (1906) were built on the west side of Lyubinsky Prospekt. A movie theater, the trading houses of the Ovsyannikov brothers and A. Ganshin and Sons, and V. Morozov's store appeared later. Despite different architectural styles ranging from classicism to modern, the buildings form a single whole with a surprising unity and preserve the silhouette of old pre-Revolutionary Omsk. After Lyubinsky Prospekt was completed, the foreign press spoke of Omsk as the "Chicago of Siberia".
Nikolsky Cathedral (1840) is a unique 19th-century structure where Ermak's banner is preserved. The original wooden Tobolsk Gate on Tukhachevsky Embankment (nab. Tukhachevskogo) was rebuilt out of brick in 1792. One of the finest 18th-century architectural monuments in Omsk is the Lutheran Church built for foreign Protestants. Spassky Cathedral in the city of Tara is a monument of late 18th-century church architecture and the only religious building in Omsk constructed in the Siberian Baroque style. The Military Assembly building at Partisan Street (ul. Partizanskaya) 12 in Omsk is the last important building of the second Omsk fortress. One of the oldest remaining buildings in the fortress is the Guardhouse at ul. Partizanskaya 14; it is one the finest examples of the baroque style in Siberia.
Another unique architectural monument is a group of four buildings dating from the1910s at the intersection of ul. Lenina and ul. Libkhenkhta. These are the Trading House of the firm Vogau and Co. the building of the Salamander Society the building of the Tver Manufactory, and the building of the Triangle Association. Each individual building is unique in itself, and together they form an urban neoclassical architectural ensemble united by a single style that is rare in Siberia. The Palace of the Governor-General of Western Siberia (1862) at ul. Lenina 23 is called a palace because of its size and splendor.
Official portal of Omsk Region:
http://www. omskportal. ru/
Лексико – грамматический тест
1. … do you study at?
a. when c. where
b. who d. why
2. Where … your college situated?
a. are c. am
b. is d. were
3. What does a laundress do?
a. studies law c. washes linen
b. mends boots and shoes d. practices medicine
4. На семинаре присутствовало 7 человек.
a) Seven were at people present the seminar.
b) People at were present seven the seminar.
c) Seven people were present at the seminar.
d) People were at seven present the seminar.
5. You listened to the radio yesterday, … you?
a. didn’t c. don’t
b. doesn’t d. hasn’t
6. N. E. Zhukovsky was born on the 17 of January, …
a. 1854 c. 1943
b. 1847 d. 1874
7. Do you get … early?
a. on c. up
b. off d. out
8. Zukovsky was offered to be a teacher of mathematics in …
a. 1854 c. 1943
b. 1847 d. 1872
9. Is your friend going to… his film?
a. see c. seen
b. saw d. to see
10. They … back next week.
a. came e
b. will come e
11. Great Britain is separated from the continent by …
a. the Pacific ocean c. the British Channel
b. the Irish Sea d. the English Channel
12. … million people speak English as their first language.
a. 400 c. 500
b. 450 d. 550
13. In … the Soviet Power was established in Omsk.
a. 1917 c. 1919
b. 1918 d. 1920
14. Has … in this group got a dictionary?
a. anything c. somebody
b. anybody d. nowhere
15. The Omsk region is located in the southern part of the … – Siberia plane.
a. West c. East
b. North d. South
16. Where is Omsk situated?
a) on the seashore
b) on the banks of the Irtysh river
с) on the banks of the Irtysh and Om rivers
17. Who was the founder of Omsk?
a) Peter the Great
b) Bukhgolts
c) Dostoevsky
18. When was the city Omsk founded?
a) 1716
b) 1965
c) 1147
19. By the tsarist government Omsk was a place of …
a) trade
b) students
c) exile
20. The pride of Omsk industry is …
a) A. S. Pushkin Library
b) Omsk State Technical University
c) Oil Refinery plant
21. What is the leading industry in our city?
a) chemical
b) building
c) textile
22) The development of the city was boosted by the construction of …
a) the airport
b) the railway
c) the highway
23) How many special medical centers are there in Omsk?
a) 50
b) 30
c) 40
24) Who was the deputy of Peter the Great in Siberia?
a) Bukhgolts
b) Gagarin
c) P. Kaptsevich
25) When was a new fortification founded?
a) in 1760s
b) in 1780s
c) in 1790s
26) Who was the author of the project of Omsk buildings?
a) G. Husford
b) V. Stasov
c) V. Geste
27) What was called the Gates of Siberia?
a) Cossack Nikolsky Cathedral
b) Trans Siberian Railroad
c) Pochtovaya street
28) What idea was presented by D. Werner?
a) the idea of the city-garden
b) the idea of the industrial city
c) the idea of the students city
29) When was the Regional Historical Museum founded?
a) 1878
b) 1908
c) 1920
30) How many theatres are there in Omsk?
a) 5
b) 3
c) 8
Список литературы
1. Агабекян язык для ссузов. - М.: Проспект, 2006. – 280 с.
2. Гиндлина грамматика английского языка. – М.: Астрель, 2000. – 512 с.
3. Кравцова язык. – М.: Высшая школа, 2002. – 463 с.
4. Материалы журнала "Обучение за рубежом", 2003.
5. Нехай Ольга. Самоучитель английского языка. – М.: Рольф, 2000. – 480 с.
6. Синявская язык. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980. – 226 с.
7. John and Liеs Soars, Неаdway, Oxford University Press, 20с.
8. Христорождественская язык для среднего этапа обучения. - Мн.: 000 «Плопресс», 1998. – 464 с.
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