4. The modern political system of Great Britain (to begin) over 200 years ago.
5. The Labour party (to have) strong links with trade unions since the date of its foundation.
5. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.
The Constitution of the USA
The form of the US government is based on the Constitution of 1787, adopted after the War of Independence. A «constitution» in American political language means the set of rules, laws, regulations and customs which together provide the political norms or standards regulating the work of the government. The document known as the Constitution of the United States, though a basic document is only a part of the body of rules and customs which form the whole of the American preme Court decisions, interpreting parts of the US Constitution, laws, and regulations customs are part of the basic law (the so-called live constitution). Most historians regard the US Constitution as an essentially conservative document.
The US Constitution consists of the Preamble, seven articles and twenty six amendments, the first ten of them called collectively the Bill of Rights were adopted under the popular pressure in 1791. When the Constitution was first proposed in 1787, there was widespread dissatisfaction because it didn't contain guarantees of certain basic freedoms and individual rights. The Constitution consolidated those gains of the revolution that were advantageous for the capitalist class. Significantly, nothing was said about the elementary bourgeois-democratic freedoms. In December, 1791, the Congress adopted ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill enumerated what the government controlled by the oligarchy was not going to be allowed to do. It was, of course, an important democratic gain for the people at that time. But nowadays some of these ten amendments are relatively unimportant.
6. Поставьте 5 различных типов вопросов к тексту.
Вариант 7
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:
а) показатель 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;
б) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. England has two different types of lawyers: solicitors and barristers.
2. Hyde Park covers 360 acres.
3. Britain exports a great variety of goods.
4. Britain’s exports fell in recent years.
5. Imperfect laws are better than none.
2. Перепишите предложения, выбрав правильное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. Right up to the end of the seventeenth century English judges were (more / the most) or less tools of the monarch.
2. (Better / the best) way to combat crime is to improve the living standards of the people.
3. Jane`s answer wasn`t (correct, correctly).
4. The pupils have to spell English words (correct, correctly).
5. It is (easier / more easier) to make laws than to enforce them.
3. Перепишите предложения. Заполните пропуски местоимениями few/a few, little/a little, much, many.
1. There are….. newspapers in the hall.
2. Just ….. minutes ago the shuttle Atlantis was reported to have been launched.
3. Unfortunately I have ….. information about that.
4. We are to wait ….. (time).
5. We receive ….. newspapers.
4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Crown Court (to hear) this appeal from the magistrates’ court two weeks ago.
2. The US Congress (to consist) of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate.
3. The barrister is busy at the moment, he (to examine) the witness.
4. After the president (to recommend) programs and laws to Congress he requested money for federal government operations.
5. After the jury (to fail) to reach a unanimous decision the case was dismissed.
5. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.
The American System of Government
The Constitution provides for three main branches of government which are separate and distinct from one another. The powers given to each are carefully balanced by the powers of the other two. Each branch serves as a check on the others. This is to keep any branch from gaining too much power or from misusing its powers.
Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can override a veto by a two-thirds vote in each House. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important official of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges; they too must be approved by the Senate. The courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of all acts of Congress and of presidential actions, and to strike down those they find unconstitutional.
Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government, is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 Senators, two from each state. One third of the Senators are elected every two years for six-year terms of office. The Senators represent all of the people in a state and their interests.
The House has 435 members. They are elected every two years for two-year terms.
The President of the United States is elected every four years to a four-year term of office, with no more two full terms allowed. The President is elected directly by the voters.
The Supreme Court (the federal judiciary) watches over the other two branches. It determines whether or not their laws and acts are in accordance with the Constitution. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. They are nominated by the President but must be approved by the Senate. Once approved, they hold office as Supreme Court justices for life. A decision of the Supreme Court cannot be appealed to any other court. Neither the President nor Congress can change their decisions.
6. Поставьте 5 различных типов вопросов к тексту.
Вариант 8
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:
а) показатель 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;
б) показатель множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Jury is a group of people who assess the facts and return a verdict.
2. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training here.
3. The lecturer gave several examples of the Oxford scientists' international ties.
4. The windows and the doors are closed.
5. The local management and self-management is carried out through local councils of deputies, executive self-management’s bodies, referendums.
2. Перепишите предложения, выбрав правильное слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. The worst consequence of the economic crisis is a substantial increase in crime rate.
2. The Netherlands and Portugal inflict (the mildest / milder) sanctions the other European countries have ever applied for corruption crimes.
3. His task wasn`t (easy, easily).
4. Barbara can translate these texts (easy, easily).
5. Nothing is ever as simple as it seems.
3. Перепишите предложения. Заполните пропуски указательными местоимениями this, these, that, those.
1. Jack, … is my wife. And … are my children.
2. How much are … roses?
3. I don’t like … magazine.
4. Sam, take … suitcases into the car.
5. … test is very difficult.
4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The inhabitants of York are fond of their city.
2. The students of our group will go to the University History Museum tomorrow.
3. This is the building of the Oxford City Hall.
4. The Newspapers often (to publish) information on economic crimes.
5. After the president (to recommend) programs and laws to Congress he requested money for federal government operations.
5. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE1 IN GREAT BRITAIN
1. Persons offending against the law are summoned before a court of law. The summons issued by the court states the charges moved against the offender by the persons sueing him. When a defendant is brought before a court the charge is read out to him and he is asked whether he pleads guilty or not guilty. If he pleads guilty he is sentenced by the court. If he pleads not guilty, a jury of 12 persons must be formed and summoned to attend the court.
2. The trial begins with opening the case for the prosecuting party and hearing the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution. On the completion of the plaintiff's case and evidence, the defendant's case is stated and evidence is heard in support of it.
3. The accused is entitled to be defended by the counsel. Witnesses for the prosecution may be cross-examined by the accused or his counsel. The accused may call witnesses or give evidence in his own defence. At the conclusion of the evidence, and after speeches on both sides, the judge sums up the case to the jury. The jury considers the verdict. If they decide that the accused is not guilty, he is immediately discharged. If the jury returns the verdict of guilty, sentence is pronounced by the judge.
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