Английский язык (стр. 10 )

In 1839 Horac Mann, a Massachusetts - born educator, a lawyer by profession, opened the first common school in the United States. He devoted all his life to this idea and soon a lot of common schools were opened throughout the state of Massachusetts. His example attracted national attention. Before long many states were doing what Massachusetts had done. The free school supporters had won the discussion.

Listen to the text "The Story of American Schools". Formulate your ideas about the problems in the chart and place ticks in its corresponding boxes.

The children should	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Learn to read, to write, etc. at free schools
Work at factories
Know the Bible
Help their families at home
The winners of the debate

Запись аудиотекста находится в 443 ауд. "Аудиокурс к учебнику "Английский язык для инженеров". и др., кассета 1.

2. Образец текстовых материалов для изучающего чтения

A WARMER OR A COLDER EARTH?

For the last fifty years, the globe has been warming up. It's true that the average temperature rise is only about two degrees, but that has been enough to start the glaciers receding in many parts of the world.

A rise of one degree per generation is a large increase. Nature seldom moves as swiftly as this. We may have been helping her. To a very large extent, the temperature of the Earth is determined by the amount of the solar heat which the atmosphere can keep. The air above us acts like a glass in a greenhouse trapping many of the heat waves which would otherwise bounce back into space. Carbone dioxide (СО2) in the air is mostly responsible for the «greenhouse effect»: it is a gas produced by all our countless fires, furnaces and combustion engines.

The end of the short-lived age of fossil-fuel is already in sight; soon-in one or two centuries at the most-we will have wasted al the world's resources of oil and coal This no longer means disaster, for atomic energy has arrived in time to save our civilization from dying of lack of power. We are moving into the brighter and cleaner age. But for that very reason, it may also be a colder age.

This suggests that it may be easier to affect the climate (the long pattern of temperature and moisture)than to control the behaviour of the weather, which is a local and short phenomenon.

The climate of the Earth is determined to no small extent by the immense quantities of ice locked up at the poles, and that ice remains perpetually frozen, in spite of twenty-four-hour-long summer days, because the Sun's heat is reflected off the blinding white wastes, but has no chance of being absorbed. If that ice can be removed, it would never reform on the same scale. The darker, exposed soil would collect and keep so much of the Sun's warmth now lost to us, that the general Earth temperature would be at a higher level.

3. Образец итогового лексико-грамматического теста

Distance Learning

The traditional view of learning is that it is confined to the classroom. However millions of people have discovered that learning can happen at any time, at any place and at any age. Open learning, lifelong learning and distance learning are becoming familiar ideas. Open learning is a general term for any education or training scheme that tries to make learning available to more people. Distance learning, is a special type of open learning where tutors and learners are far away from each other. This was sometimes called ‘home-study’ or ‘correspondence courses’. Originally relying on the postal system, distance learning now uses television, telephone and the computer.

Many distance learning programmes include computer-based packages. E-mail and the Internet are rising in popularity. The time is coming when many learners will use only multi-media, and communicate with their tutors only by e-mail.

In 1969 the Open University (OU) was created in the UK. This firmly established in the West the principle of access for all to quality education. It is the only university in the UK established to teach its students through open learning. This is its unique method of study designed for part-time students, who do not have the opportunity to study full time. Some study for career development or to update their job skills, some for personal challenge or satisfaction. Some take just one course. Others work for a degree, a diploma or a certificate. Its courses are taught through television, radio and specially written coursebooks. Its students work with tutors, to whom they send their written work and with whom they then discuss it, either at meetings or through correspondence. In summer, they have to attend short residential courses of about a week.

The OU is an international university. It teaches undergraduate and postgraduate students in other European Union countries, and in Central and Eastern Europe it delivers business and management courses through local partners. The University has one of the largest Business Schools in Europe with more that 21,000 students taking courses leading to a Master’s degree in business administration (MBA).

At present distance learning has changed from being the last choice for people who couldn’t attend college or university to being the first choice for people who want flexibility and quality. Ten years ago, few people would have understood the terms ‘distance learning’ or ‘open learning’; now they are part of the educational vocabulary.

1. Прочитайте текст Distance Learning и выберите утверждение, которое соответствует содержанию статьи

1. Distance learning is …

а) a traditional method of learning.

b) summer schools.

c) a special type of open learning.

2. The Open University is the greatest development in education that allows people of all ages and from different backgrounds to …

a) study for a degree.

b) do research.

c) do business.

3. Distance learning now uses …

a) postal system as the only one available.

b) new technologies to provide quality education.

c) face-to-face contact each month.

4. The OU offers its courses to …

a) local residents.

b) different people at any age.

c) people with a degree.

5. Distance learning allows each student to have an individual …

a) tutor.

b) access to computer.

c) scheme of study.

6. A great number of colleges and universities offering courses by  distance learning has grown …

a) in the UK.

b) in European Union countries.

c) all over the world.

II. Выберите слово, которое лучше других подходит по значению выделенному слову/словосочетанию

7. The traditional view of learning is that it is confined to the classroom.

a) is limited to        b) is taken in                c) is included into

8. New technologies like e-mail and the Internet are rising in popularity.

a) are changing        b) are working                c) are going up

9. People study for career development or to update their job skills.

a) to understand        b) to modernize                c) to discover

10. However millions of people have discovered that learning can happen at any time, at any place and at any age.

a) attend                b) take place                c) allow

11. In Central and Eastern Europe the OU delivers business and management courses through local partners.

a) moves                b) discusses                c) provides

III. Закончите предложения, выбрав правильный предлог из предложенных в рамке:

at                over                through        for                to

12. The Open University established the principle of access … all to quality education.

13. The OU courses are offered … the Internet.

14. One of the biggest growth areas is for courses leading … a Master’s degree in business administration.

15. The OU is the only university in the UK established to teach its students … open learning.

16. Open learning method can let people learn … their own speed and in their own time.

IV. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в соответствующей временной форме и залоге

17. In the UK companies like Ford, IBM … (give) on-the-job training through learning right now.

18. The course … (deliver) by CD-ROM and the Internet.

ch factors as age, place, daily activity … (not serve) as limiting factors in distance learning.

20.At present distance learning … (increase) the learners’ opportunities to get quality education.

21. Since the OU began teaching a lot of people … (study) one or more of its courses.

V. Завершите предложение, выбрав соответствующий модальный глагол

22. In summer the OU students … to attend short residential courses of about a week.

a) must                        b) should                c) have

23. Face-to-face contact … help students make friends with each other during the summer courses.

a) can                        b) ought                        c) need

24. Each student … have an individual scheme of study.

a) have                        b) must                        c) might