Английский язык в сфере компьютерных и телекоммуникационных технологий (стр. 14 )

EXERCISE 5

Answer the questions.

1. What did you learn about amplifiers?

2. What types of amplifiers can you name?

3. What are individual amplifiers designed for?

4. Where are batch amplifiers used?

5. What other types of amplifiers, besides individual and batch amplifiers, can you name? How can we obtain signal amplification?

6. What are main electric properties of amplifiers?

EXERCISE 6

Find grammar mistakes in these sentences and correct them.

Modern multichannel systems which are built, as a rule on the basis of generic principle. In multichannel systems created on the base of individual principle, individual amplifiers using both in terminal and in intermediate apparatuses. Signal amplification can be providing either in frequency without its conversion or with conversion of frequency. Resonance amplifiers used to intensify controlling signals.

EXERCISE 7

Here are some structuring your view expressions. Use each of them in sentences from the text “Amplifiers” where they logically fit.

E. g.: At any rate, amplifiers are essential units of terminal and intermediate apparatuses in multichannel systems.

Atanyrate – во всяком случае, Consequently – следовательно, hence, therefore – поэтому, however – однако, in fact, actually – фактически, nevertheless – тем не менее, moreover – более того, that is why  - вотпочему. 

EXERCISE 8

Give definitions of the following terms: 

amplifiers, frequency converters, transmitters, receivers, radio waves, radar, laser.

EXERCISE 9

Read and translate the dialogue.

A: The time is 1.05 and here is the business news with Alan Wilson.

B: Good afternoon. Share prices on the London stock market have fallen sharply today, following sharp losses on Wall Street. Shares of leading computer companies have been the worst hit. Lucy Lambert, Chief Analyst with Hancock and Benson, believes we are seeing the start of a sell-off in high technology shares.

C: Technology stocks have made enormous increases for some time. Now they are coming down to their correct level. That is just a short term correction. It’s not a repeat of the stock market crash of 1987.

B: The FT-SE 100 index closed 50.2 points down. British gas has reported a 4% drop in profits for the first half of the year. The company blames warm winters, a fall in gas prices and rising competition from rival suppliers. The Safeway supermarket chain has removed fifty-five thousand bottles of tonic water from their shelves after poison was discovered in four bottles. The police haven’t yet discovered where the poison was put there deliberately.

And finally, the human brain may be connected to computers within 50 years. Professor Peter Cochrane, the head of British Telcom’s Martlesham heath laboratories, has predicted connections between silicon chips and the human the year 2020 it may be possible for someone to carry a complete encyclopedia around in their head.

And that’s all from the business news studio today. We’ll be back tomorrow at five past one.

EXERCISE 10

Read the dialogue again to pick out specific plete the sentences.

Item 1

(a)_________________________________ have fallen in London.

They also fell on (b)___________________________________.

The worst hit companies are (c)___________________________.

It’s not a repeat of the stock market crash of (d)____________________.

The FT-SE index closed (e)______________________points down.

Item 2

The company:

(f)__________________________________________________ .

The percentage fall in profits:

(g)______________________________________ .

Reasons for the fall:

(h) _____________________________________________ .

Item 3

The company: (i)_________________________________________________

Its problem:

(j)  __________________________________________________ .

How it happened:

(k) ______________________________________________

Item 4

Who is professor Peter Cochrane?  (l)__________________________________

What has he predicted?

(m) _________________________________________

When will it happen?

(n)____________________________________________.

Text II

Navigation

EXERCISE 1

Read text with the dictionary. Ask and answer questions about the text with your partner.

All satellite navigation systems use satellites with precision clocks. The satellite transmits its position, and the time of the transmission. The receiver listens to four satellites, and can figure its position as being on a line that is tangent to a spherical shell around each satellite, determined by the *time-of-flight of the radio signals from the satellite. A computer in the receiver does the math.

Radio direction-finding is the oldest form of radio navigation. Before 1960 navigators used movable loop antennas to locate commercial AM stations near cities. In some cases they used marine radiolocation beacons, which share a range of frequencies just above AM radio with amateur radio operators. Loran systems also used **time-of-flight radio signals, but from radio stations on the ground. VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range), systems (used by aircraft), have an antenna array that transmits two signals simultaneously. A directional signal rotates like a lighthouse at a fixed rate. When the directional signal is facing north, an omnidirectional signal measuring the difference in phase of these two signals, an aircraft can determine its bearing or ***radial from the station, thus establishing a line of position. An aircraft can get readings from two VOR and locate its position at the intersection of the two radials, known as a "fix." When the VOR station is collocated with DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), the aircraft can determine its bearing and range from the station, thus providing a fix from only one ground ch stations are called VOR/DMEs. The military operates a similar system of navaids, called TACANs, which are often built into VOR ch stations are called VORTACs. Because TACANs include distance measuring equipment, VOR/DME and VORTAC stations are identical in navigation potential to civil aircraft.

*time-of-flight – пролет времени

**radial  -  1) радиальный; лучевой; лучеобразный

radial road — радиальная дорога,

radial axle — радиальная ось

***navaid - 1) аэронавигационное вспомогательное оборудование, 2) средства обеспечения судовождения;

2) лучевой

EXERCISE 2

Speak about amplifiers, their role in communication and branches of use

Text III

Global Positioning and Navigation Systems

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text.

The United States Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) are networks of satellites that provide highly accurate positioning information from anywhere on Earth. Both systems use a group of satellites that orbit around the north and south poles at an altitude of 17,500 km (10,900 mi). These satellites constantly broadcast the time and their location above Earth. A GPS receiver picks up broadcasts from these satellites and determines its position through the process of triangulation. Using the time information from each satellite, the receiver calculates the time the signal takes to reach it. Factoring in this time with the speed at which radio signals travel, the receiver calculates its distance from the satellite. Finally, using the location of three satellites and its distance from each satellite, the receiver determines its position.

GPS services, originally designed for military use, are now available to civilians. Handheld GPS receivers allow users to pinpoint their location on Earth to within a few meters. One type of navigational tool used in automobiles integrates a GPS receiver with an intelligent compact disc player capable of displaying road maps and other graphical information. Upon receiving the GPS location data, the CD player can pinpoint the location visually on one of the road maps contained on disc.

EXERCISE 2

Study the vocabulary.

Global Positioning System (GPS) - глобальная (спутниковая) системаместоопределения

Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) - глобальная (спутниковая) орбитальнаясистеманавигации

accurate – точный

triangulation – триангуляция

handheld - ручной; передвижной, переносной, портативный

pinpoint - указатьточно

EXERCISE 3

Discuss the advantages of Global Positioning and Navigation Systems.

UNIT VII

FEEDERS

Text I

Antenna-feeder devices

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text using the following words and word combinations:

Antenna-feeder devices provide receiving and transmitting electromagnetic ch devices consist of antenna, which radiates and receives radio waves, and feeder. Feeder is a cable or a waveguide which conducts oscillations from generator to the transmitting antenna and from receiving antenna to the receiver. Shape, size and configuration of the device could be different and depend on the length of a radiated and received wave.

Physical characteristics of antenna are the following:

Wind load and vibration. In fact, antennas are usually placed on the roofs of buildings where wind load is maximum. So antenna’s construction and its bolting must withstand wind speed 160 km/h. Besides, antennas must be designed to undergo vibration up to 5 g (where g = 9,81 m/sec2 ). The environmental temperature should be within – 40 єC to + 50 єC, so that antenna could operate continuously. Humidity and acing (frost) shouldn’t prevail 95%, otherwise antenna’s efficiency will get worse. But afterwards, when these factors stop effecting the antenna, its properties must be possible to restore.

Mass and configuration of antenna play important part in bolting and mounting, as well as in its positioning. Antenna-feeder devices are used in systems and complexes, including wireless radio communication. There are antennas of different shapes: a piece of wire, combination of such pieces, reflecting metallic mirrors, air holes with metallic walls and wire spirals.

EXERCISE 2