Английский язык в сфере компьютерных и телекоммуникационных технологий (стр. 28 )

EXERCISE 6

Discuss with your groupmates the most interesting facts from the previous exercise. Ask and answer 5-7 questions in pairs.

EXERCISE 7

Find English equivalents to the following word combinations.

1. автоматические устройства

2. автоматизированное производство

3. выполнять простые задачи

4. как легкие, так и тяжелые детали

5.интегрированная система производства

6. принцип обратной связи

7. печатная плата

8. компьютер автоматически посылает команды

9. высокоавтоматизированная система

10. непроизводственная система

11. жёсткая автоматизация

12. деталь частичной сборки

13. полупроводниковый кристалл

14. автоматическая сборочная линия

15. потерянное производственное время

16. фиксированная последовательность операций

EXERCISE 8

Translate into English the following abstract. Title it.

Все системы автоматизации можно разделить на два класса: жесткие – с набором типовых настроек (mySAPBusinessSuite, OracleE-BusinessSuite, Галактика) и гибкие – с возможностью модифицировать функциональность (1C, MicrosoftAxapta). Это касается любых систем, от решения локальных задач до автоматизации деятельности крупных предприятий.

Чтобы определить, «жесткая» или «гибкая» система нужна в конкретном случае, необходимо понять, насколько динамично будет меняться предприятие и его бизнес-процессы в течение ближайших 2-4 лет. Если имеется стабильно работающее предприятие, и в ближайшее время принципиальных изменений в системе управления не планируется, то можно примерять «жесткие» системы. Но, выбрав и начав внедрять такую систему, мы будем вынуждены привести свою деятельность в соответствие с моделью бизнес-процессов, заложенной в систему, что для наших предприятий не всегда является допустимым.

Если же бизнес часто реформируется и окончательная система управления еще не сложилась, то нужна гибкая система, позволяющая достаточно просто вносить изменения и без больших затрат модифицировать систему.

EXERCISE 10

Say which information in Unit 3 may be interesting for a Computer Science engineer. Could you use such information in your course paper/ diploma project? What exactly?

EXERCISE 11

Make up the summary to the text “Automated production lines”.

UNIT IV

TELEMETRY&TELEMECHANICS

Text I

Telemetry

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text.

Telelemetry is the highly automated communications process by which measurements are made and other data collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving equipment for monitoring. The word is derived from Greek: tele = remote, metron = measure.

Although the term commonly refers to wireless data transfer mechanisms using radio, hypersonic, or infrared systems, it also encompasses data transferred over other media such as a telephone or computer network, optical link or other wired communications. Many modern telemetry systems take advantage of the low cost and ubiquity of GSMnetworks by using SMS to receive and transmit telemetry data.

Early Soviet missile and space telemetry systems used either pulse-position modulation or pulse-duration modulation. Later Soviet interplanetary probes used redundant radio systems, transmitting telemetry.

Telemetry has been used in meteorology by weather balloons for transmitting meteorological data since 1920. It is used in Oil and gas industry to transmit drilling mechanics and formation evaluation information uphole, in real time, as a well is drilled. Telemetry is used by manned or unmanned spacecraft for data transmission.

Telemetry is a key factor in modern motor racing, allowing race engineers to interpret data collected during a test or race and use it to properly tune the car for optimum performance. Systems used in series such as Formula One have become advanced to the point where the potential lap time of the car can be calculated, and this time is what the driver is expected to meet. Examples of measurements on a race car include accelerations in three axes, temperature readings, wheel speed, and suspension displacement. Later developments include two-way telemetry which allows engineers to update calibrations on the car in real time, even while it is out on the track. Telemetry has also been applied in yacht racing.

Most activities related to healthy crops and good yields depend on timely availability of weather and soil data. Therefore, wireless weather stations play a major role in disease prevention and precision irrigation. These stations transmit parameters necessary for decision-making to a base station: air temperature and relative humidity, precipitation and leaf wetness, solar radiation and wind speed to calculate evapotranspiration1, and soil moisture (crucial to irrigation decisions).

Telemetry is important in water management, including water quality and stream gauging2 functions. Major applications include automatic meter reading, groundwater monitoring, leak detection in pipelines and equipment surveillance. Telemetry control allows you to intervene with assets such as pumps and allows you to remotely switch pumps on or off depending on the circumstances.

Space agencies such as NASA, the European Space Agency use telemetry systems to collect data from spacecraft and satellites.

Telemetry is vital in the development of missiles, satellites and aircraft because the system might be destroyed during or after the test. Engineers need critical system parameters to analyze the performance of the system.

Telemetry also is used for patients (biotelemetry) who are at risk of abnormal heart ch patients are outfitted with measuring, recording and transmitting devices. A data log can be useful in diagnosis of the patient's condition by doctors.

Telemetry hardware is useful in law enforcement for tracking persons and property. An ankle collar worn by convicts on probation can warn authorities if a person violates the terms of his parole, such as by straying from authorized boundaries or visiting an unauthorized location.

Notes to the text:

1. evapotranspiration - (отлат. Evaporo «испаряю» и транспирация), суммарное количество влаги, удаляемой в результате испарения и транспирации. С эвапотранспирацией коррелирует продуктивность экосистем.

2.streamgauging - измерение скорости потока, расхода (напр. воды)

EXERCISE 2

Learn the following words and expressions.

counterpart	эквивалент; аналог; прототип
ubiquity	вездесущность; повсеместность
uphole	вверхпостволускважины
on probation	с испытательнымсроком
transpiration	испарина; выделениепота
stomata	устьица
critical	важный
a data log	журнал
an ankle collar	ножной браслет
parole	условно-досрочноосвобождать
encompass	выполнять, осуществлять, охватывать
formation evaluation	оценка параметров продуктивного пласта
pulse-position modulation	фазово-импульснаямодуляция
pulse-duration modulation	широтно-импульснаямодуляция
law enforcement	деятельностьправоохранительныхорганов

EXERCISE 3

Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:

Highly automated communications process, remote or inaccessible points, monitoring equipment,  wireless data transfer mechanisms, optical link,  wired communications, low cost and ubiquity of GSM networks, interplanetary probes, redundant radio systems, manned or unmanned spacecrafts, drilling mechanics,  formation evaluation information, potential lap time of the car, two-way telemetry, accelerations in three axes, suspension displacement, yacht racing, availability of weather and soil data, stream gauging, leak detection in pipelines, depending on the circumstances, risk of abnormal heart activity, telemetry hardware, law enforcement, toviolate the terms of parole, visiting an unauthorized location.

Text II

Telemechanics

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text. Ask 4-5 questions to your partner about the content.

Telemechanicsis a fast growing field of ​​technology where gathering, transmission, and processing information for the operational centralized control take place. Today, in such industries as power engineering, transportation, oil and gas industrya hierarchical automated dispatch control system has been developedwhichuses micro-computers and local networks. This leads to a significant change of means and methods of telemechanical information transmission.

Remote control system can be viewed as a complex including automatic control, informationmeasuring system and communications. Telemechanics is a field of science studying techniques to control transmission and reception of signals at a distance. As a rule, telemechanization is used when it becomes necessary to unite disconnected, geographically detached objects (for example, to control work of oil and gas pipelines, railroad junctions or weather stations), or when the humanpresence is not desirable at the site (for example, at the nuclear power plant or chemical plant) or impossible due to unavailability of the control object (for example, on board the unmanned rocket, satellite, etc.).The general tasks of telemechanics are:1. Centralization of control of complex manufacturing processes at theindustrial enterprises containing manyisolated, but connected by a single process objects. To control suchprocesses effectively is possible only from control centers, which collect necessary information from all places involved in the production process.2. To ensure control in real-timeoperation mode is a special feature of operation of telemechanical systems.

3. Telemechanical systems must ensure delivery of reliable information, as the damage from the false commandsand delays in the message transmission can lead to huge economic losses and, in some cases, evento people death. To avoid danger, telecontrol systems use various methods of message encoding, duplication of communication channels, etc.