Английский язык в сфере компьютерных и телекоммуникационных технологий (стр. 32 )

Increasing technology and business challenges such as virtualization, server and data center consolidation require a robust, yet adaptive datacenter management plan for the enterprise. With expensive and mission-critical applications running on server infrastructure, a break-fix management methodology is simply taboo. Be it an over utilized power resource, climate control or fire and intrusion causing downtime, the datacenter manager requires a intelligent datacenter management platform solution that is proactive, up-to-date with technologies, and business intelligent.

Building management system is meant for saving energy and maintenance costs. it also creates productive, cost effective environment through optimization of systems, services and management. it carries out the temperature and humidity control, measurement and control of electrical parameters viz. voltage, current, power, monitoring and control of various water pumps, switching on/off of compound light based on outside light level, etc. it also provides graphical display of the various heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning/electrical parameters/ water system parameters (like water level in tanks, running condition of pumps etc).

Making the "digital home" a reality, the IBOX(Home Edition) hardware and software platform enables intelligent home management services to their customers, including interactive home security, home monitoring, home management and control, energy management and home health care, entrance control, fire and intrusion monitoring, advanced IP based video communication system, mood lighting, water management etc.

IHMS enables to monitor and control entire operations through mobile or PC from anywhere.

For hotels working in a competitive environment with high quality standards cannot do without a network of advanced technological products. ISMS is the final result of lengthy project for the creation of a centralized real-time supervisory and control system for all plant in the hotel facility. ISMS is a distributed intelligence system specifically designed for hotels or communities. The investment is amortized quickly and upgrades services within the hotel.

The user can save energy simply and efficiently (up to 30% on air conditioning and 20% on heating, 15% on electricity), with the safe control of alarms, accesses and with maximum comfort in guest rooms and other hotel areas.

EXERCISE10

Read the text. Discuss in pairs what new information you’ve learnt about the techniques of Artificial Intelligence.

Методы искусственного интеллекта

Можно выделить две научные школы с разными подходами к проблеме ИИ: конвенционный ИИ и вычислительный ИИ. В конвенционном ИИ главным образом используются методы машинного самообучения, основанные на формализме и статистическом анализе. Вычислительный ИИ подразумевает итеративную разработку и обучение. Обучение основано на эмпирических данных и ассоциируется с не-символьным ИИ и нечеткими системами. Методы конвенционного ИИ реализуются в следующих подходах и системах:

• Экспертные системы: программы, которые, действуя по определенным правилам, обрабатывают большое количество информации, и в результате выдают заключение или рекомендацию на ее основе.

• Рассуждение по аналогии (Case-basedreasoning).

• Байесовские сети доверия: вероятностные модели, представляющие собой систему из множества переменных и их вероятностных зависимостей.

• Поведенческий подход: модульный метод построения систем ИИ, при котором система разбивается на несколько сравнительно автономных программ поведения, которые запускаются в зависимости от изменений внешней среды.

Основные методы вычислительного ИИ:

• Нейронные сети: коннекционистские модели нервной системы, демонстрирующие, в частности, высокие способности к распознаванию образов.

• Нечеткие системы: методики для рассуждения в условиях неопределенности.

• Эволюционные вычисления: модели, использующие понятие естественного отбора, обеспечивающего отсеивание наименее оптимальных согласно заданному критерию решений. В этой группе методов выделяют генетические алгоритмы и т. н. муравьиный алгоритм.

EXERCISE 11

Say what you know about artificial intelligence systems.

UNIT VII

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING

Text I

Role of Computers in Science and Manufacturing

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text.

Computer becomes more and more popular and important to our society. We can use computer everywhere and they are very useful and helpful to our life.

Computers have brought about a tremendous revolution in every walk of life and are expected to open more vast fields due to the dexterity of those who design software and those who develop application programs. In a very short period, scientists have been able to extirpate all the defects, the limitations and the shortcomings of computer and much is expected from their ingenuity, acumen and acquisitiveness.
The fields of application of computers are various and new applications are being searched out. The scientists applied it to control weather effects, to predict the earthquakes and storms, tocontrol satellites behavior and to runatomic reactions. Engineers have not lagged behind. They use computers in designing cars, airplanes, ships, buildings, bridges and tools etc.

In the business world, computers are playing great parts. They are used to word processing, record keeping, inventory controlling, patrol processing, account keeping and auditing, stock marketing and ticket reservations. They are now used to keep personal telephone and address directory. Business concerns use computers in forecasting demands and planning to meet them. Manufacturing concerns use them in forecasting material requirements, inventory management, production scheduling, control and other purposes.

Bank now use them to keep records of day to day transactions, keeping accounts and managing overall puters have been placed at the hands of bank customers. This provides facility of making withdrawals at odd hours. Financial houses take the help of the computers to make their credit cards a medium of exchange. For entertainment purposes, computers are now used to play complex games, I. Q games and stimulation puters have also played a vital role in puters have become so advantageous that the 21st century is called “an information century” because information can easily be transferred from one place to another within seconds by using internet. We can convey messages; send reports with audio visual accessory.

Сomputers also play a vital role in automation of business processes that leads to generate more puter technologies save on manpower so companies do not have to have so many on panies would weigh up the cost of installing and regular upgrading computer technology compared to the cost of paying workers to do the same amount of puter technologies are used to manage all electronic devices that allow trains, jetliners, airplanes, aircraft carriers to work properly.

But computers don’t have only merits. As all manmade things have their limitations, weaknesses and shortcoming, so are the computers wrought with them. Firstly they have inflexibility. They understand only symbols. Secondly they need detailed instructions to work. Thirdly they are costly and their peripheral devices are far most costly than the equipment themselves. Fourthly the cost of maintenance is also high. Fifthly the cost of operation in terms of staff and material is expensive. Sixthly in particular circumstances stored data may be completely lost, seventhly they are susceptible to destructive programmes called viruses, and eighthly they need extra care in handling and maintenance.

Despite the aforesaid frailties, foibles and faults they are tempted with, computers are widely acclaimed, intensively used and blindly relied upon. Their applications are increasing in various fields and they are expected to do services so far not imagined by man.

EXERCISE 2

Translate text I using the following words and expressions. Learn these words.

extirpate	ликвидировать; выводить; полностьюуничтожать
ingenuity	изобретательность, находчивость, мастерство
acumen['жkjumen]	проницательность, сообразительность
acquisitiveness	жадность, любознательность
inventory control	управление материально - техническими ресурсами
Addressdirectory	адресная книга
materials requirement planning	планирование потребности в материалах
Overallinvestment	совокупные капиталовложения
odd hours	сверхурочно
dexterity	Хорошиеспособности
inflexibility	непереналаживаемость технического оборудования, трудоёмкая переналадка
frailty	хрупкость; непрочность
foible	слабость, недостаток

EXERCISE 3

Match nouns from the left column with nouns from the right column to make word combinations. Sometimes you will need the conjunction “of”.

walk	business processes
application	marketing
shortcomings	life
weather	scheduling
business	purpose
word	processing
stock	effect
business	technology
material	of	century
production	program
credit	field
entertainment	requirements
communication	maintenance
information	card
automation	concern
computer	world
cost	computer

EXERCISE 4