Английский язык в сфере компьютерных и телекоммуникационных технологий (стр. 29 )

Environment in which telemechanical systems operate can be quite diverse: from air-conditioned premises with 24-hour service tooutdoor installations in non-serviced sites. Reliable operation of the telemechanical systems in specific operating conditions is guaranteed by different standardslimiting their use.

EXERCISE 2

Find English equivalents to the following word combinations.

Следует отметить; сосредоточены в одном месте; централизованное управления и контроль производственными процессами; связанные единым технологическим процессом; режим реального времени; минимальное запаздывание при передаче информации; методы помехозащищенного кодирования сообщений; эксплуатация средств телемеханики; установка на необслуживаемых объектах; недоступность контролируемого объекта; обеспечивать доставку надежной информации; большие экономические потери; резервирование каналов связи.

EXERCISE 3

Discuss the questions in pairs, using thefollowing speech patterns.

In mу opinion; I think; I suppose; in fact; basically; in general; to put it sharply; in very simple terms; the main thing is; in your opinion; actually; if I’m not mistaken:

1.What is telemetry? 2. In what spheres is telemetry applied?  Give examples. 3. What fields does telemechanics penetrate? 4. What  are the tasks of telemechanics? 5. When is telemechanization used? 6.In what conditions do telemechanical systems operate?

EXERCISE 4

Make up the plan to the text “Telemechanics”.

EXERCISE 5

Translate into Russian the following abstract. Title the abstract.

“The art of telautomatics, or wireless control of automatic machines at a distance, will play a very important part in future wars and, possibly, in the next phases of the present ch contrivances which act as if endowed with intelligence will be used in innumerable ways for attack as well as defense.

They may take the shape of aeroplanes, balloons, automobiles, surface or underwater boats, or any other form according to the requirement in each special case, and will be of greater range and destructiveness than the implements now employed. I believe that the telautomatic aerial torpedo will make the large siege gun, on which so much dependence is placed at present, obsolete.”

The Pentagon currently has a fleet of 19,000 unmanned aerial vehicles. Boeing was awarded a contract for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency1 (DARPA) in 2010. The result, pictured above, will be a solar-powered unmanned surveillance aircraft designed to remain aloft at altitudes of over 60,000 feet for up to five years at a time.

Notestothetext

1 DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency — агентство передовых оборонных исследовательских проектов, агентство Министерства обороны США, отвечающее за разработку новых технологий для использования в вооружённых силах.

EXERCISE6

Make the summary to the texts “Telemetry”and “Telemechanics”.Express your opinion about the information from the texts.

UNITV INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Text I Systems of control EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text. A management control system (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. Finally, MCS influences the behavior of organizational resources to implement organizational strategies. MCS might be formal or informal. Robert N. Anthony (2007) defined Management Control as the process by which managers influence other members of the organization to implement the organization’s strategies. Management control systems are tools to aid management for steering an organization toward its strategic objectives and competitive advantage. Management controls are only one of the tools which managers use in implementing desired strategies. However strategies get implemented through management controls, organizational structure, human resources management and culture. Anthony & Young (1999) showed management control system as a black box. The term black box is used to describe an operation whose exact nature cannot be observed. MCS involves the behavior of managers and these behaviors cannot be expressed by equations. According to Horngrenet al.1 (2005), management control system is an integrated technique for collecting and using information to motivate employee behavior and to evaluate performance. According to Simons (1995), Management Control Systems are the formal, information-based routines and procedures managers use to maintain or alter patterns in organizational activities. Chenhall (2003) mentioned that the terms management accounting, management accounting systems, management control systems, and organizational controls are sometimes used interchangeably. According to Maciariello et al. (1994), management control is concerned with coordination, resource allocation, motivation, and performance measurement. Notes to the text: et al. – «исоавторы» EXERCISE 2 Learn the following words and expressions. cost accounting учёт издержек производства; калькуляция себестоимости behavior поведение, работа, режим to steer править, управлять, вести equation уравнение routine обычный порядок; общепринятая практика; определённый режим interchangeably взаимозаменяемо, на равных основаниях pattern система, структура; принцип, модель resourceallocation распределение ресурсов performancemeasurement измерение эксплуатационных характеристик

EXERCISE 3

Find international words in the text and translate the sentences into Russian.

EXERCISE 4

Ask 5 questions to the text.

Text II

Information Systems

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text using words and word combinations after the text.

An information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information, knowledge, and digital products. Business firms and other organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace. For instance, corporations use information systems to reach their potential customers with targeted messages over the Web, to process financial accounts, and to manage their human resources. Governments deploy information systems to provide services cost-effectively to citizens, for example, digital goods, such as electronic books and software, and online services, such as auctions and social networking.

Modern information and control systems createa large field of engineering cybernetics studying general regularity of information conversion processes and expedient management in technical systems.

Information measurement and control machines make an overwhelming and the most important part of these systems which allowempirical quantifying certain information about the various objects of the material ch systems solve a wide range of tasks associated mainly with sorting, gathering, processing, transmission, storage, retrieval, and delivery of information to a person.

Historically, in the field of information and measurement control systems there have been determined following sections: event detection, image identification, measurement of physical parameters, the process of counting, testing and technical diagnostics.

In the field of information-measuring and control systems basicmeasuring processes are realized experimentally with the use of technical means. This approach provides a quantitative evaluation of the conditions of a tangible object in a particular industry.

EXERCISE 2

Words and expressions:

expedient	целесообразный, соответствующий, подходящий
to rely on	полагатьсяначто-либо
marketplace	сфера бизнеса, торговли и экономики
deploy	развёртывать; размещать
regularity	правильность;  закономерность; непрерывность, бесперебойность
empirical quantifying	количественный анализ, основанный на опыте
retrieval	восстановление, исправление; извлечение, выборка; поиск и выборка данных
tangible object	материальныйобъект

EXERCISE 3

Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.

Целесообразный; сфера бизнеса, торговли и экономики; развёртывать; непрерывность; количественный анализ; основанный на опыте; поиск и выборка данных; материальный объект; калькуляция себестоимости; работа; управлять; общепринятая практика; принцип; измерение эксплуатационных характеристик; на равных основаниях; доставка информации; потенциальные клиенты;информационно-измерительные и управляющие системы; техническая кибернетика; общая закономерность; черный ящик.

EXERCISE 4

Read and translate the article using a dictionary.

The Management Process, Management Information

and Control Systems, and Cybernetics

byZenon S. Zannetos and Jarrod W. Wilcox

Cybernetics is determined as a science of control through communication, and we can definitely find ample examples where cybernetic principles exert significant influence on management activities. Managerial activity in business organizations includes both planning and control aspects, for example: