Английский язык (стр. 11 )

Автор може починати з конкретних деталей, а закінчувати загальними, починати зі звичайного - закінчувати незвичайним, з опису зовнішності об'єкту опису — до основних рис його характеру.

Подібні завдання на іспитах вимагають від кандидатів уміння описувати людей, їх характер, звички та звичаї; місця (місто, село), туристичні призначення; улюблені речі (іграшки); пейзажі (парк, ліс, гори); процеси (виготовлення чогось, приготування їжі). Дуже важливо, щоб кандидат умів представляти думки логічно та використовував усі багатства мови (порівняння, метафори, персоніфікації), різні прикметники та прислівники.

Як і розповідь, опис може бути інтегрованим у будь-який тип тексту — особистий лист (коли автор описує товариша, вечірку, подію), лист-скаргу (описує погану якість товару), звіт або повідомлення (описує результат проекту), статтю (описує місто, пейзаж, людину). Дуже часто в завданнях на іспитах від кандидата вимагають написати опис та дати пояснення або аргументувати. Наприклад, такі завдання:

1.Describe your favourite way of rest in summer and say why you like it.

2.Who is the person you admire? Describe you model and say why you admire him/her.

НАРИС ЛЮДИНИ/CHARACTER SKETCH

Один із способів зрозуміти героя/характер/людину — знайти особливі або характерні риси. Після того, як учень визначився з цим, слід вирішити, чому ці риси важливі для визначення цієї людини та майбутнього твору. Опис людини спрямовує того, хто пише, на певну характеристику. Наприклад, якщо улюблений співак/ спортсмен/артист тощо (model character) має тату (have tattoos), це може свідчити про його бунтарську натуру (rebellious) або бажання виділитися (distinguish oneself from), що, в свою чергу, свідчить, що він — амбіційна (ambitious) людина, а такі люди часто добиваються успіхів у житті (be successful in life). Або, якщо людина рішуча (a decisive person), вона часто стає лідером (a leader). Людина, що знає багато анекдотів та різних смішних історій із життя (know a lot of anecdotes, life stories), може посміятися над собою (laugh at oneself), має почуття гумору (have a good sense of humour), грає на гітарі та співає (play the guitar and sing to the guitar), легка у спілкуванні (easy-going), дуже привітна (friendly), буде душею кампанії (be heart and soul of the com­pany) та приваблює інших (attract people) тощо.

Write about a person you know. Create a cluster of characteristics (physical traits, actions, qualities of character,
etc.)

ВИКЛАД (POЗ'ЯCHEHHЯ)/EXPOSITION (THE DISCURSIVE COMPOSITION)

Роз'яснення або виклад має на меті представити ясний та раціональний аналіз будь-якої теми. Роз'яснення має характеристики як формального, так і неформального письма та включає різні моделі розвитку думки: причина та наслідок, порівняння та протиставлення тощо. Цей тип письма часто пропонується на іспитах для кандидатів вищого рівня. В іноземних підручниках такий вид твору називають твір «за і проти». Від кандидата очікують збалансованого написання—розглянувши всі «за» та «проти» певної події, речі, явища, проблеми, та висловити власну точку зору в кінці твору. Збалансоване обговорення означає, що кандидат повинен описати позитивні та негативні риси або переваги та перешкоди.

Думки в цьому типі твору можуть бути організовані двома основними шляхами: через обговорення переваг та перешкод кожного аспекту або через розподіл основної частини твору, спочатку на секцію, де обговорю­ються тільки позитивні риси кожного аспекту, а потім тільки негативні.

SAMPLE TASK (ESSAY)

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of travelling and studying abroad.

SAMPLE PIECE OF WRITING

Over recent years, the number of people studying and travelling abroad has increased considerably. This has both positive and negative aspects.

At first sight, education and travel in foreign countries appear to be entirely beneficial and advantageous. For example, studying other languages abroad expands and improves our abilities and job prospects. In addition, by studying or simply travelling abroad, we can discover many differences in terms of culture, way of thinking, history, customs and lifestyle; the awareness of these differences makes us more tolerant and open-minded. What is more, we gain a broader experience of life in general.

On the other hand, it may indeed be true to say that travelling and studying abroad could influence us in a negative way. The experience could be so powerful, and alter our way of thinking so greatly, that we lose our cultural identity. If we integrate into the new society, we will almost certainly meet difficulties when we try to readjust later to our own culture. Another potential problem is that we may become a victim of discrimina­tion, and lose our confidence as a result. Since their behaviour and customs may be very different from those of the inhabitants of the host culture, we may encounter negative reactions - unfriendliness, or even hostility, for example.

There are many choices and it is for those who travel to weigh up both sides of the issue and come to their own conclusions.

Тренировочные тесты по английскому языку

Passive Voice Practice

Ex. 1 State the voice of the sentences - A (=active) или P (= passive) Начало формы

1. I'm paid twice a month.

2. She opened the door.

3. Renault cars are made in France.

4. Are any classes taught at weekends?

5. Do you study at weekends?

6. The policeman helped us.

7. We were helped by the policeman.

8. The President was photographed by the journalists.

9. The journalists photographed the President.

10. The Discovery Civilization channel is watched by millions of people.

11. Russian people also watch it.

Ex. 2 Choose the best variant:

Начало формы

Shakespeare wrote / was written"Hamlet". "Hamlet" wrote/was written by Shakespeare. The Chinese invented/ was invented paper. Paper invented/ was invented by the Chinese. Butter made/ is made from milk. A kettle uses / is used to boil water. We use / are used a kettle to boil water. My new car stole / was stolen yesterday. I go / am gone to the cinema every weekend. We take / are taken to school by bus.

Тест № 1.

Тема: Past Simple Tense of the verb “to be”

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple

1. Mary (to be) at school yesterday.

a) be b) was c) beed d) was e) been

2. Bob’s parents (to be) at work last Saturday.

a) are b) were c) be d) was e) is

3. Two years ago Tom and Meg (to be) students.

a) are b) were c) be d) was e) beed

4. Last year I (to be) in Paris.

a) am b) were c) is d) was e) be

5. Your cake (to be) delicious!

a) were b) was c) be d) are e) am

6. There (to be) no apples in the fridge, there (to be) apple juice only.

a) was; was b) were; were c) were; was d) was; were e) is; are

7. Last week he (to be) in London, but his friends (to be) in Cardiff.

a) were; was b) be; was c) was; was d) were; were e) was; were

8. They (to be) sad, because their mother (to be) ill.

a) were; was b) was; were c) be; be d) was; be e) be; were

9. You (to be) in the library yesterday. I (to be) there too.

a) were; was b) was; was c) was; were d) were; were e) are; am

10. When my grandfather (to be) young, he (to be) a pilot.

a) was; were b) were; was c) was; was d) were; were e) be; was

11. I (not to be) at the cinema yesterday.

a) did not to be b) was not c) be not d) were not e) not was

12. Last lesson the pupils (not to be) ready.

a) were not b) be not c) not was d) was not e) did not be

13. He (not to be) a rich man.

a) not was b) was not c) not were d) were not e) did not be

Определите правильный порядок слов в предложении

14. angry, were, parents, not, my

a) Parents my angry were not.

b) Parents not my angry were.

c) Not angry my were parents.

d) My parents were not angry.

e) Parents not were angry my.

15. not, I, tired, was, yesterday

a) Yesterday I not tired was.

b) Not was I tired yesterday.

c) Tired yesterday was not I.

d) Was yesterday tired I not.

e) Yesterday I was not tired.

16. yesterday, were, where, you?

a) Were where you yesterday?

b) Where were you yesterday?

c) You were yesterday where?

d) Yesterday were where you?

e) You yesterday were where?

17. Выберите общий вопрос к предложению:

You were in America.

a) Were you in America?

b) You were in America?

c) In America you were?

d) Did you be in America?

e) America were you in?

18. Выберите специальный вопрос к предложению:

She was in Astana two months ago.

a) Where did Astana be two months ago?

b) Who be in Astana two months ago?

c) When she did be in Astana?

d) Where two months she was ago?

e) When was she in Astana?

19. Составьте общий вопрос, употребляя Past Simple глагола “to be”

it / to be / yesterday / cold?

a) Was it cold yesterday?

b) Were it cold yesterday?

c) Yesterday did cold it be?

d) Cold were it yesterday?

e) It was cold yesterday?

20. Составьте специальный вопрос к предложению, употребляя глагол “to be” в Past Simple Tense.

There (to be) five books in his bag yesterday.

a) Where was five books yesterday?

b) How many books there were in his bag yesterday?

c) Where are five books yesterday?

d) How many was books there in his bag yesterday?

e) How many books were there is his bag yesterday?

Измените время глагола в следующих предложениях на Past Simple

21. They are doctors.

a) They is doctors.

b) They was doctors.

c) They were doctors.

d) They be doctors.

e) They beed doctors.