Trade development program in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010 - 2014 years (стр. 2 )

Source: Agency for Statistics

The trade weight in employment. In trade employs 14.8% of the total employed population. While the number of employed people in the trade of Kazakhstan tends to increase by an average of 33 thousand people annually. So, if in 2005 the number of employed in the trade amounted to 1 038 500 people in 2009 - 1 170.6 thousand person, which does not indicate an increase in labor productivity in this sector, as the share of trade in GDP remained unchanged.

Source: Agency for Statistics

It should be noted that the rate of employment in the trade for more than 10% of the total population employed in the economy, there is in the US (15%), the UK (15%), France (13%), Slovakia (19%), the Netherlands (17%), Poland (15%) and Russia (17%).

Trade in tax revenue. In the structure of tax revenues over the past years, most belong to the mining industry, the share of which in 2009 amounted to about 52.6%.

Source: Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In second and third place are firmly manufacturing and real estate transactions. In the period from 2005 - 2008 years in the structure of tax payments trade took 4th place in terms of fees, but in 2009 its share was almost equal share of the construction (5.9%), transport and communications (5.4%) and accounted for 5.3%.

It should be noted that in view of the proportion of the employed population in trade (14.8%), its share of tax revenues in the amount of 5.3% does not correspond to the industry and reflects the problems of administration, the presence of the informal sector, a large proportion of involved through simplified tax regime, its relatively low returns.

Domestic trade

The total turnover of the retail world is about 14.5 trillion. US dollars, of which the share of Western Europe accounts for about 30%, even 25% from the US, 2% - in Russia. According to the Agency of statistics, retail turnover in Kazakhstan in 2009 amounted to 17.3 billion US dollars, or about 2.5 trillion tenge, which is 0.12% of global retail sales.

The worldwide turnover of the retail trade sector grew between 2005 and 2008 at an average rate of 8.3%. Due to the economic crisis in 2009, a decrease of retail trade turnover by 6.4%. However, for the first half of 2010, turnover began to recover.

A significant positive contribution to the development of world trade made ​​by countries with significant untapped potential - China, India, Brazil and Russia. In most of these countries have comprehensive state program for the development of internal trade.

Retail development is determined by several factors, among which the most significant are:

the welfare of the population (the average wage in tenge in Kazakhstan in 2009, compared with 2005 increased by 31% (in real terms);

population, which in 2009 grew by 5.4% (calculated in terms of population at the end of the period);

population density - the most populated regions of the country in 2005 were Almaty, South Kazakhstan, Karaganda region, the East Kazakhstan region, who retained the lead in 2009 (calculated in terms of the average annual number);

access to financial resources (according to the National Bank in 2005, the average bank rate on loans in tenge terms ranging from 1 year to 5 years for legal persons was 13.9% and in 2009 - 14.6%), the development of basic infrastructure and infrastructure services (for the period from 2005 to 2009, the volume of retail trade turnover of Kazakhstan increased by 27.7%, while the area of trade enterprises of Kazakhstan in this period increased by 66%).

Retail trade in Kazakhstan.

In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the retail trade refers entrepreneurship for the sale of goods

to consumers for their personal use. Retail trade in stores, shopping malls, markets and machines, kiosks, mobile shops, tents, remote counters. Retail stores vary in size, range, service quality, technical equipment. In the classification of them can be divided by size of retail space, as the most common in the marketing classification of retail stores is the division into categories "A», «B», «C».

Store category "A" - all stores with sales area of ​​over 100 square meters (hereinafter - sq. M.). These stores have a wide range, high-bandwidth stream of customers, the technical capabilities of cashless payments, high service, low unit cost of shipping and storage, higher labor productivity. It is because of these benefits retail chains prefer to work in the shops these formats. In the business literature and the media by using the term "modern format" primarily involve store category "A".

Store category "B" - it stores with sales area of 50 to 100 square meters. m. Retail chains are reluctant in this category of outlets, as such a point often has higher operating costs as shipping and storage, and the costs of an administrative nature.

Store category "C" - it stores with sales area of ​​less than 50 square meters. m. This category is most common in Kazakhstan. These stores differ in their extreme ruggedness requirements for management and accounting. Most often, a separate part of the turnover of these stores are not fixed, maybe the lack of conditions for proper food storage. In these stores the high costs of shipping and storage products, high purchase prices, limited range, low-quality service. Organization of the trade network of stores in this category is difficult, because bandwidth, both customers and products is very limited, and specific operational and administrative costs are significantly higher than in the larger stores. All this is generally superimposed on prices in stores this category are usually higher than the retail price of a larger format.

Retail turnover. Turnovers channels.

Retail trade turnover

In 2009, total retail trade turnover amounted to 2 551 400 000 000. Tenge, which is 2.7% less than in 2008. In the formation of total retail trade 51.1% owned trading the markets and individual entrepreneurs.

Between 1997 and 2009 the volume of retail trade turnover increased by 342 bln. Tenge to 2,551 bln. Tenge (current prices), ie, 6.4 times.

During this period the steady growth of retail turnover. The exception was 2009, when the volume of retail trade by virtue of the crisis fell by 2.7%.

Source: Agency for Statistics

Markets / Retailers

Remarkable character of the structure of retail trade turnover. Thus, in the period from 1997 to 1999 by strong increase in the share of retail turnover through the channel "Markets", then from 2000 to 2008 traced his confidence and decrease growth in the share of "trade enterprises" (shops).

Decline in the share of sales through the "Markets" is due to the improvement of the economic situation in the country and rising living standards. If in 1999, according to data of the Statistics Agency, the share of trade in the markets and individual entrepreneurs was 77%, while by 2008 it had fallen to 40%, while increasing the share of "trading companies" from 23% to 60% or more than 2.6 times. However, in 2009 due to the deteriorating economic situation of the trade through the "trading companies" again showed a sharp decline to 49% of total retail turnover of the republic.

Structure of retail space in Kazakhstan

According to the Agency of statistics for the period from 1 January 2005 to 1 January 2010, the amount of space trading enterprises of Kazakhstan increased from 1811 sq. M. m 3075 sq. m. m or 70%. This is partly due to the boom in the property market when the investment attractiveness of the retail trade increased growth and the expectation of a further increase in prices for commercial real estate. In the same period, the Bank lent massively as commercial enterprises and public (consumer loans).

Source: Agency for Statistics

Regionally, the highest growth of retail space in this period was observed in Astana - 223%, which, in particular, is associated with the development of the left bank of the capital. The second highest growth rate of retail space was "oil" Atyrau - 203%. Markedly retail space increased in Almaty - 98%, in Kyzylorda, South Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions - 95%, 77% and 74%, respectively.

The slowest increase in retail space is observed in the North-Kazakhstan (26%), Zhambyl (26%), Almaty (21%) regions.

Structure of retail space in the country. In the republic of retail space in the structure of the largest share at stores category "C" - 47% of the retail space, the second place – the store category «A» (33%). Stores category "B" accounts for 16% of retail space, and on the format of the "Store" - 4%.

Source: JSC "Center for Trade Policy"

The largest share of store category "A" marked in Astana - 48%, category «B» is best represented in the West Kazakhstan region - 22% and in Almaty - 19%.

Store category "C" is the leader of the South-Kazakhstan region - 68%. Kiosks as retail outlet are most prevalent in Kyzyl-Orda region - 13%.

As seen from this regional review problem considerable differentiation of security in different regions trade formats categories "A" and "B". Thus, the neediest of a western region, where in comparison with other areas of the capital, and even there is a potentially high effective demand. There is a mismatch of supply and demand in the retail segment.

Retail space. According to calculations by the Joint Stock Company "Center for Trade Policy" implemented on the basis of the data of the Statistics Agency at the beginning of 2009, 1,000 residents of the republic have to 176 square meters meters of all types of commercial enterprises, i. e. stores, including kiosks / stalls, but excluding commercial markets. In this case of 176 square meters. m, only 58 square meters. m, or 33%, accounted for shops category «A», and the format of the "C" category accounts for 83 square meters of 47%.