Trade development program in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010 - 2014 years (стр. 4 )

The largest percentage of annual growth in wholesale trade for the last five years there in Astana (64%), the lowest - in the North-Kazakhstan region (19%).

Source: Agency of RK on Statistics

The largest share in the structure of the wholesale trade of the republic in 2008 occupied the petroleum products - diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as ferrous metals and wheat, i. e. not consumer goods and non-food products.

High rates of growth and market share of wholesale trade within Almaty explains the special role of this city. Almaty is the city with the largest fleet (large consumption of petroleum products and large car sales), as well as placement considerable part of the food industry (beer, wine, table water, juices, dairy and confectionery products).

One reason for the uneven distribution of volumes is the destruction of relationships and lack of wholesalers’ sufficient working capital, which often leads to a concentration of large volumes of goods close to major markets, ie in the regions with the highest level of consumption products.

Thus, trade in Kazakhstan today serves the individual links of trade, mainly by providing a need for non-consumer goods, such as petroleum products, grain, ferrous metals, and building materials. Wholesale does not act as a link with the retail, does not act as a regulator of trade flows, as shown by the structure of traded goods in it, where the minor types of goods sold in retail.

Exchange trade

Exchange trade - a business activity for the implementation of the exchange of goods, carried out on a commodity exchange by tendering, including electronic, recording and processing transactions.

Source: Agency of RK on Statistics

As of May 1, 2010 in the republic operate 33 broker-dealer organizations and 4 Commodity exchanges licensed "Commodity Exchange" Eurasian Trading System "(ETS)," International Commodity Exchange "Kazakhstan", "Commodity Exchange Zhambyl region", "Universal commodity Exchange "Astana". According to the Kazakh Statistics Agency the number of transactions on the stock exchanges in 2009 decreased by more than 3.7 times in comparison with 2005. However, while the amount raised at the auction of commodities rose by 29%. It should be noted the dynamics of reduction of transactions. So, if the total amount of bids submitted for commodities in 2005 were committed by the transaction on 84% of goods in 2009 - by 58%.

Main indicators of commodity exchanges

in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2005 to 2009

Indicators	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Number of exchanges, units	12	11	9	10	9
Number of transactions, units	4 200	1 852	1 057	671	1 119
The volume of submitted bids on commodities, million tenge	73 199	28 543	12 068	25 383	94 548
Turnover on the exchange transaction, million tenge	61 768	28 430	12 030	13 659	55 120

Source: Agency of RK on Statistics

The main share of transactions on commodity exchanges for products, fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin, whose share of the five-year period was 61% of the total volume of transactions and 97% of completed transactions in 2009. Second place in the transaction take mineral products (ore, fuel, oil and oil products), who’s share fell from 75% in 2005 to 3% in 2009.

Thus, exchange trade has no significant impact on the economy; in particular, its share in the total volume of wholesale trade in 2009 did not exceed 1%. Since 2005, the number of commodity exchanges decreased by 3 units, indicating that this unstructured market, perhaps random nature of the emergence of new players, the weak attractiveness of this business. This sales channel is not in high demand, perhaps no group of consumers (industrial enterprises, retail and wholesale, distribution companies, traders for food products, state agencies and state-owned companies). On the supply side the owners of resources (goods), which can be realized through commodity exchanges, are not interested in increasing the proportion of the sales channel.

The downside here is the lack of practical ability and commodity exchanges affect pricing environment. Famous London Commodity Exchange in addition to the function is the international sales channel is also formed quotes on these or other products, thereby having a significant impact on global commodity markets, so through commodity exchanges is 5 to 20% of world trade in the relevant commodities. Under these conditions, the development of stock trading in the country could affect the active state stimulation, expressed in the legal definition of the list of commodities and the volume of sales of goods through commodity exchanges used for the period of their formation.

Ecommerce

Ecommerce carried out by the conclusion of commercial transactions on the basis of the agreement (contract) the participants of e-commerce for the sale of goods using electronic means of communication.

In the retail world, the role of sales via the Internet, but the level of penetration of e-commerce is not yet very large and varies considerably between countries. In the most technologically developed countries, is characterized by small land area and high population density, the percentage of e-commerce reaches 5% and above. In Kazakhstan, the prospects of e-commerce is complicated by vast distances, low population density, poor development of logistics systems, non-use of trade functions of the Internet (and its relatively low use), small amounts of most markets and segments of consumer products, which reduces the effect of scale.

In Kazakhstan, in 2009 the number of Internet users was 3.15 million people or 19.8 users per 100 inhabitants. But these figures probably reflect the number of users of e-mail, online communities and news sources than the number of those who use the Internet as consumers of goods and services.

On the supply side, in recent years in Kazakhstan developed an interest on the part of business in e-commerce, which is characterized by the appearance of more than two dozen online stores in different fields, playgrounds for the sale of the cards to pay for mobile communication, multimedia, books, and food products.

However, despite the fact that the numbers of Kazakh Internet users are relatively insignificant, experts say even more significant lag online sales in the domain zone KZ, which is due to the small capacity of the market, lack of critical mass of buyers.

There are a number of the following factors that hamper the development of this type of trade in Kazakhstan:

relatively small number of Internet users;

underdevelopment of the Kazakhstan part of the content of the Internet, which exacerbates the problem of a small number of Internet users in the domain zone KZ, since most users prefer to use a more substantial and diverse Russian sites;

available in Kazakh companies optimize internal resources activities, including through specialized software;

distrust of Internet users and Kazakhstan business to reliability of communication in the transmission of confidential financial information;

Low purchasing power of most of the population of Kazakhstan, especially in the regions;

limitations of traditional retail channels. Only where these channels are well developed, the Internet brings a new quality to them;

relative underdevelopment of electronic payment systems;

the uneven development of the Kazakhstan market of e-business;

High cost of electronic payment systems for the use of their local companies (bank commission up to 3%).

Nevertheless, the development of electronic commerce - is an international trend, growing with increasing technological consumption and lifestyles. But do not consider e-commerce in isolation from other types of retail and trade stock market development and financial services. In this aspect of the role of e-commerce as a technological solution to the usual trade or banking, is more worthy of attention than the abstract separate development of electronic commerce.

Thus, the main importance for the development of e-commerce has the infrastructure in communications technology, as of this depends mainly on the degree of development and widespread use.

Catering services

For catering related business activities associated with the production, processing, sales and organization of food consumption.

Source: Agency of RK on Statistics

According to the Kazakh Statistics Agency the number of catering has grown from 2005 to 2009, almost 1.6 times and amounted to 22.7 thousand institutions.

Regionally, the leading position in terms of catering services takes Almaty (28,3 billion tenge). Second place to Atyrau (14,2 billion tenge), The third - Astana (9.9 billion tenge.).

However, the features and trends of the market of catering services are the following:

the concentration of the restaurant business in Almaty and Astana;

unstructured market, the lack of big players;

the lack of common standards for object format, often a mismatch signage and content;

scarcity of foreign brands (mostly Turkish);

weak development of franchising in the catering;

short period of activity average restaurant or cafe, High risks and losses of the business;