Контрольное задание № 1 (стр. 5 )

After he had graduated from the University in 1955, he joined NASA and was one of the test pilots of the X-15 rocket plane, flying that aircraft to over 200,000 feet and approximately 4,000 miles per hour. In 1962 he became an astronaut and in 1966 he was command pilot of "Gemini 8" when he performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. The climax of his life, however, came in 1969, when as commander of the "Apollo 11" spacecraft, he and Edwin Aldrin took the lunar module down to the very surface of the Moon. Armstrong was then the first human being in history to set foot upon the very surface of the Moon. He said, "That is one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." After the successful fulfilment of the program the "Apollo 11" spacecraft returned to the Earth.

Since 1972 Neil Armstrong has been University Professor of Cincinnati.

V. Прочтите 6-й абзац и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What did Armstrong say when he set foot upon the surface of the Moon?

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

а)        1. There are many properties that man has found useful in his application of

       electromagnetic waves.

The flow of electrons in one direction results in an electric current. The energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy needs of

       the world are increasing.

б)        1. The isotopes of the element hydrogen were given individual names.

Electronics is usually thought of as that part of electricity which deals with vacuum tubes and transistors. The behaviour of metals is greatly affected by the changes in temperature.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.

The Celsius scale (шкала Цельсия) is the scale used in most scientific experiments. When heated to a certain temperature, water increases in volume. Testing the operation of the system, engineers used different kinds of equipment.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Artificial light can be produced in» several ways. You will be able to explain the disagreement between the results. The old machines in this shop are to be replaced by next year. The defects in this metal construction had to be detected by means of X-ray examination.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

to give an impetus — значительно ускорить

reinforced concrete — железобетон

C. A.H. I. - ЦАГИ

of the front rank — выдающийся

to take the lead — сделать что-либо первым

MSTISLAV KELDYSH (1911-1978)

Mstislav Keldysh was a distinguished physicist and mathematician. He was recognized in the Soviet Union as a leading authority on space mathematics and aerodynamics, as a brilliant scientific organizer. As head of a research institute during the 1940's he took a leading role in giving an impetus' to Soviet rocket development. Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh was born into an intellectually prominent family on February 10, 1911 in Riga. His father, V. M. Keldysh, a civil engineer, is noted for his work in the development of reinforced concrete. Following his graduation from the Moscow University in 1933 M. Keldysh joined the staff of the Central-Aero-Hydrodynamics Research Institute (C. A.H. I.), the major aircraft development centre in the Soviet Union. During the early years of the 1940's he concentrated on studies in the field of aerohydrodynamics. His studies provided the foundation on which the Soviet Union built its rocket and missile programs achieving success with the satellite Sputnik in December, 1957. M. Keldysh is also regarded as a mathematician of the front rank4. Many mathematical techniques that he devised have proved their practical significance when applied to problems in physics and engineering. In a more practical area M. Keldysh took the lead5 in introducing into the Soviet Union the concepts of computer mathematics, computer engineering, and some aspects of automatic control.

6. M. Keldysh was President of Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1961 to 1975. He died on June 24, 1978. M. Keldysh played fundamental roles in development of country's nuclear, computer and aerospace technologies.

V. Прочтите 5 и 6-й абзацы текста и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What did M. Keldysh do in a more practical area?

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) дополнения и е) обстоятельства цели. Герундий. Отличие герундия от причастия I.

5. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.

6. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)

Past Indefinite Passive

The students were given methodical instructions.

Студентам дали методические указания.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

1. One must know grammar rules.

Нужно знать грамматические правила.

2. This book is more interesting than that one.

Эта  книга  интереснее, чем та (книга)

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)

We know it is true.

Мы знаем, что это правда.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

When the work had been completed the results were published in the magazine. When the experiment was being made everybody was watching it with great interest A great deal of research work was done at this institute.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It was noisy in the hall as the students were talking about their summer holidays.

Last year the number of tourists to the Caucasus exceeded that of the previous one. One must know traffic rules if one wants to drive a car safely.

III.        Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

I have to translate the text but I have no dictionary. The students usually do not do anything on the day after the exam. He was only 12 when his family moved to Moscow. Professor N. was to deliver a lecture on history at the club.

IV.        Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

I think his work will be completed by the end of the next month. The desks we sit at are made of wood.

V.        Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

Let us speak about our plans for the future. Let our monitor give the teacher the list of our group.

VI.        Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

Before writing our test we learn the necessary grammar material. Speaking about his new invention the young engineer told us many interesting
things. To build new electric stations is to develop our industry.

VII.        Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

the internal combustion engine — двигатель внутреннего сгорания

to look for — искать

exhaust fumes — выхлопные газы

to take over — сменять, приходить на смену

THE CAR OF THE FUTURE

In the near future most cars will use the internal combustion engine1 and burn petrol. At the present rate of production oil supplies will run out in about fifty years, and we will have to look for2 other sources of energy. That is one of the most important aspects of the problem and another is the damage that exhaust fumes3 do to the environment and health of the people, especially in towns. What kind of vehicle will eventually take over? At present there is a lot of talk about electric cars, for they have the advantage of giving off no exhaust fumes. The electric car has a long history. The first cars were built at the end of the last century but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine. They have several disadvantages. First, we have no really suitable batteries - they tend to be too heavy, take a long time to charge, have too small capacity and a relatively short life. So scientists and engineers are looking for better storage batteries or cells, and ways of using energy more economically and recharging batteries during deceleration.

5. Car manufacturers are looking for other energy and fuel sources. In Moscow there are more than a thousand lorries using liquid gas cylinders instead of petrol tanks. Prototypes of liquid gas buses and taxies have already been made.

The Soviet Union, the United States, West Germany and Japan are all working on hydrogen engines. Some specialists even think that hydrogen will be the main source of
energy for internal combustion engines by the end of the century.

VIII. Прочтите 5, 6 и 7-й абзацы текста и вопрос к ним. Из предложенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.