Контрольное задание № 1 (стр. 9 )

What have the "Arktika" and "Sibir" icebreakers made possible in Soviet Polar region?

They have made it possible to carry more cargoes. They have made it possible to investigate the Northern Sea Route.

3. They have made it possible to considerably prolong the navigation period in this area.

ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

The application of plastics enables the railway to receive light and strong cars with good resistance to mechanical damage. We heard the operation experts demand the reduction of the overall weight of vehicles (транспортные средства). This type of engine is said to have some advantages.

4. Plastics used in transport are supposed to have no special reinforcement (арматура).

II.        Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

Zinc being the cheapest metal with a strong tendency to lose electrons, we commonly use it for the production of electric current. Electrical machines perform a giant's share of the work done today, this share steadily increasing.

3. Having obtained new devices, the researchers could make complex experiments.

III.        Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).

If somebody wants to design a car of the advanced type, he must take into account the properties of some of the new materials. If the electric car were used instead of the conventional car, we should have simple and reliable design, minimal maintenance and repair costs, good manoeuvrability in traffic, no exhaust fumes and less noise.

3. Had there been better conditions, the construction of the new car body would have been finished much earlier.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—6 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—6 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

milestone— веха

roll off - сходить (с конвейера)

on the eve — накануне

sun-scorched — опаленная солнцем

carrying capacity — грузоподъемность

KAMAZ AUTO PLANT - 150,000 TRUCKS A YEAR

February 1971. 1976 and 1981 are milestones1 in the history of the Soviet giant track factory on the Kama River, called KAMAZ. In February 1971 the area was a wasteland, and construction was just beginning. But five years later, the first tracks rolled off the assembly line, the first of those 200,000 manufactured during the past five-year period. On the eve of the 26th CPSU Congress, the second part of the plant went into operation: 240 heavy-duty tracks come off the new line every day. KAMAZ has reached its planned capacity of 150,000 tracks a year. An additional quarter of a million engines will also be manufactured annually. Five years have gone by since the day the first KAMAZ track appeared on the road. Today they can be found in the Extreme North and the sun-scorched Central Asian Republics. During the time 20,000 KAMAZ tracks have been exported. At international exhibitions where the new Soviet track was shown, leading experts in the automobile industry had excellent words for it. The track is multipurpose: equally at home in agriculture, building projects, and long-distance shipping. It is fast, light and economical. Naberezhniye Chelny, where the plant is situated, has a population of over 300,000. The average age is 27. All young generations want to do something important. In the 1970s, it was KAMAZ. The opening of the second part of the plant is an important event for the entire country, as now the carrying capacity5 of Soviet tracks will increase by 50 per cent. Moreover, extensive use of diesel-engine tracks will save over ten million tons of fuel a year, and the exhaust is less toxic.

V. Прочтите 7-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.

Why is the opening of the second part of KAMAZ an important event for the entire country?

... because more tracks will be manufactured. ... because the carrying capacity of Soviet tracks will increase by 50 per cent ... because the tracks will be faster and lighter.

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, Принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

Automation is known to have speed up both the development of rocket
production and that of nuclear industry. The new system of automatic control is likely to be used at this plant. We know the existence of life on the Earth to depend upon the continuous
receipt of enormous quantities of energy from the Sun.

4. In recent years we have seen great progress take place in space research.

       II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

Automation having been firmly established in space research, our spaceships employ automatic instruments in the study of cosmic space. Having made many observations during their flights, cosmonauts successfully fulfilled their programme. Space research is being developed rapidly in our country, automation being widely used in space research.

III.        Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).

Were this article on radio-electronics we should read it without dictionary. It would have been impossible to launch space rockets, if we had not had the necessary polymeric materials and synthetic fuels.

IV.        Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

girdle — опоясывать

UN (United Nations) — Объединенные Нации

alone —только

OUTER SPACE AS AN AREA OF COOPERATION

Space explorations was discussed at the 26th CPSU Congress as one of the global problems that concerns all the mankind. International sputniks and research rockets are launched systematically, the Earth is girdled' by an international space system which fulfils economic tasks and interstate and public space organizations are operating in the international arena. During the international flights the cosmonauts tested methods and means of studying the Earth from space, tested the processes of obtaining, in a state of weightlessness, materials with new or improved properties, and did medicobiological and physical research. Instruments and devices, developed by specialists of different countries either individually or jointly, were used for this purpose. At present the Interkosmos programme participants' new plans are being fulfilled. A transfer is now effected from separate, episodic experiments to the development of purpose-oriented, long-term plans of cooperation in all the five areas of the Interkosmos programme: space physics, space meteorology, space communications, space biology and medicine and the study of the Earth from outer space.

4. The 2nd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space will convene in Austria this year, which will sum up the results of the work that has been done. It will also determine the quickest and most effective ways to use the achievements of space science and technology for boosting the economy of all states. Outer space should be used more actively for peace on Earth and promoting the well-being of nations.

5. International space flights developed into an important event in world cosmonautics. It was noted in Leonid Brezhnev's report at the 26th CPSU Congress that the range of our cooperation extends to more and more spheres. Cosmonauts of the fraternal countries are not working for science and the national economy alone. They are also performing a tremendously important political mission.

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.

Why do international space flights serve to the cause of peace?

... because they help to develop science. ... because they help to perform a tremendously important political mission. ... because they, help to develop national economy of different countries.

ВАРИАНТ 6

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

We know the Soviet Union to lead an active struggle for peace and security in the world. Economic plans proved to be the financial plans ensuring the fulfilment of the tasks in all branches of the national economy. Science is known to have become the main source of the world's progress.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

Having reduced retail prices for some types of goods, the Soviet State improved the living standards of the people. Productive forces growing steadily, impressive progress has been made in the improvement of the Soviet people's well-being. The Soviet Union expands cultural contacts with all countries, this being one of the traditional principles of Soviet policy.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

If friction were eliminated, no force at all would be necessary to keep the body in motion. Unless the state had increased investments into the light industry, consumer goods output would not have gone up.

IV.        Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы.