Контрольное задание № 1 (стр. 8 )

If a free electron were in a vacuum within the electric field set up between positive and negative electrodes, the negatively charged electron would be attracted to the positive electrode. If we had tested this material, we should have used it in our construction.

IV.        Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—5 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

trunk pipelines — магистральные (основные) трубопроводы

herd —стадо

patch — кусок, небольшой участок (земли)

URENGOI

Urengoi is a gas deposit discovered 15 years ago in the northern part of Western Siberia. It has almost triple the reserves of all known gas deposits in the United States. Urengoi has no equal in the world. The future of the Soviet energy industry as well as our capacity to export natural gas to the CMEA countries and Western Europe are closely linked to this deposit. Every single drill hole here yields as much gas as seven to nine drill holes in the north of the European part of the USSR, or approximately 20 in the Ukraine. Today Urengoi produces a sixth of the country's natural gas, and will provide almost half by the end of the current five-year period. The annual increase in gas output will be 40 - 45,000 million cubic metres - approximately the total production of the USSR in 1960. Let us now make an estimate. Gas pipelines with a pipe diameter of 1.420 mm at a pressure of 75 atm, pump 32,000 million cubic metres annually. Every kilometer of gas pipeline means a thousand tons of metal and an investment of a million roubles. The Urengoi-Moscow pipeline is 2,800 km long. Today, there are five trunk pipelines linking Urengoi with industrial areas of the country. In future more will be needed. And each one conveys more energy than is yielded by all the biggest electric stations built on Siberia's great Yenisei River and the Angara. In the language of Nentsi, the natives of that land, the name "Urengoi" means a dead site. Natural conditions seem to justify the sad name. Until just a short time ago, it was only the rare herd of reindeer that visited the area. Indeed, who would be attracted by a deserted patch of the tundra where it gets colder than minus 50°C. The riches concealed in the depths of Urengoi forced people to regard the site quite differently.

V.        Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.

Why did the natives of Urengoi call it a dead site?

... because nobody lived there. ... because there were no trees and plants there. ... because of severe natural conditions.

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

We know the Soviet Union to increase the output of power by erecting huge hydro-electric power-stations. The plant is expected to manufacture new trucks next year. The engineer is known to have made the experiment with these substances.

II.        Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

The article deals with microwaves, particular attention being paid to radiolocation. Technique having reached a high stage of development, new methods of work became possible. Having discovered rich deposits of iron ore the people began to construct an iron and steel works in this district.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).

Provided the geologists used the necessary instruments, the measurement would be correct. If the operator's cabin had been equipped with remote control (дистанционное управление) he would have been able to work faster and with greater precision.

IV. Прочтите и устно Переведите на русский язык 1—4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

switchover — переключатель

via —через

conventional — общепринятый, общего типа, серийный

redundant — чрезмерный, избыточный, статически неопределимый

COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH LIGHT CONDUCTORS

Physicists and chemists developed the technology for making fibre glass light conductors, the semiconductor, light sources and receivers, and the ways of injecting light into the conductors. Radio specialists developed very sound methods of introducing information into the light beam, and of transforming light signals into electric ones. The electronic equipment used in modern cable communications lines enables the switchover to transmit information via light conducting cables to be done comparatively easily. For example, to turn a conventional cable TV system into a light conducting system, all that has to be done is to replace the coaxial copper cable with a light conducting cable and make slight adjustment in the transmitting and receiving equipment. At the transmission end, the electrical signal has to be transformed into a light signal and the process reversed in the receiver. In outward appearance, a light conducting cable is not different from a conventional cable with a polymer coating. But their cross sections are different. First, there are no metal screens in the light conducting cable. They are redundant, because light conductors are not afraid of electromagnetic interference. Inside the cable are from two to several dozen very thin glass fibres. Each can transmit fantastic volumes of information - dozens of TV programmes and thousands of. Telephone conversations.

4. And the intervals between the electronic signal regenerators can be increased up to 50-100 km instead of 1.5-5 km with copper cables. This considerably reduces the number of signal regenerators, makes the building and exploiting of communications lines cheaper and simpler, and cuts the mass of cables by over 90 per cent.

5. Quartz filaments of exceptionally high transparency have been developed in the USSR. Light can travel three kms over them without loosing even half of' its intensity. The signals can be transmitted via these conductors to distances of up to 30 km practically without distortions.

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.

What is one of the main advantages of light conductors?

The light conductors can be done comparatively easily. They are light. The signals can be transmitted through them to great distances without distortions.

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

We know a laser to be a device that stimulates the electrons of a light-producing material to vibrate simultaneously giving off a light with tremendous energy. Lasers are known to have found an application in the printing industry. Light waves are now believed to be due to the motions of electrons themselves within the atoms. Chemical investigations have shown each element to combine with another only in definite proportions.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

The first laser having been built scientists found many ways to use it Having developed quantum generators called lasers, scientists are looking for practical use for a new kind of ray which is millions of times brighter than the Sun. Semiconductor lasers are able to transform electric energy directly into light wave energy, this property of semiconductor lasers opening up new possibilities of producing extremely economical sources of light.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).

If the scientists applied the new method they would get a different result Had the checking up of the experimental data not taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—5 абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

power plant — силовая установка

power — власть; энергия, сила

NORTHERN SEA ROUTE

For many years of the Soviet Polar Region, the Northern Sea Route, along which the bulk cargoes essential for the developing industry of the region are conveyed, is the only transport artery.

2. In his message to those taking part in the "Arktika" atomic icebreaker's voyage to the North Pole, Leonid Brezhnev called this route the Soviet Union's national transport trunk-road. The "Arktika" is a twin of the equally powerful "Sibir" icebreaker. Both ships are equipped with power plants' having a capacity of 75,000 h. p.; their displacement is equal to 23,460 tons and they have a maximum speed of 21 knots.

The searches for a route to the East via the Arctic started way back in the epoch of great geographic discoveries. From the early years of Soviet power, the USSR began to investigate possibilities of mastering the Northern Sea Route. Today the efforts have been crowned with success. In 1978, the Western section of the route was opened with the initiation of Murmansk - Dudinka run, which operates throughout the the beginning of the year alone, more than 80,000 tons of cargo had been conveyed to Dudinka for onward dispatch to Norilsk. Today's task is to make the Northern Sea Route navigable throughout the year along its entire length. The "Arktika" and "Sibir" icebreakers can cut through heavy ice, and are able to manoeuvre in complicated ice conditions. Before the appearance of the atomic icebreaker fleet in 1959, navigators only dared to penetrate to these northern latitudes in the height of summer. The new icebreakers have made it possible to considerably prolong the navigation period in this area.

V. Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.