Instructor’s resource manual and test bank for joining together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e (стр. 14 )

c. Have everyone argue for opposing positions

d. Reach a decision containing everyone’s ideas

27. The process of controversy is important for a democracy because

a. A democracy is the only political system where controversy is allowed

b. Truth is most likely to emerge with free and open discussion

c. Most people disagree with political decisions

d. The minority can overwhelm the majority

28. When group members replace old beliefs with new ones, it is the

a. Analytic phase

b. Framework phase

c. Belief phase

d. Synthesizing phase

29. Controversy is constructive when there is

a. Members realize their first answer is probably the right answer

b. Members seek to compromise among ideas

c. The smartest member’s ideas are adopted

d. Members have time to reflect on the ideas and perspectives

30. What is NOT a characteristic of an open-minded group?

a. Emphasize differences between what they do and do not believe

b. Remembers and considers information that disagrees with currently held

beliefs

c. Organizes new beliefs to solve the problem

d. Seeks out opposing beliefs

31. What is NOT a characteristic of closed-minded people?

a. Less able to organize and integrate new beliefs

b. Evaluate information consistent with their beliefs more positively

c. Tend to accept statements from authorities as true

d. Are more interested in compromise

32. An important requirement for creative problem solving is

a. Freewheeling members

b. Open-minded members

c. Evaluating members

d. Homogeneous members

33. What is NOT a reason for brainstorming?

a. Encourage divergent thinking

b. Produce many different ideas in a short time

c. Get all group members to participate

d. Allow group members to see who gives the best ideas

34. What is NOT a characteristic of brainstorming?

a. All criticism is ruled out

b. Wild ideas are accepted

c. Focus is on several problems or issues

d. Builds on others’ ideas

35. A problem with group brainstorming exists when

a. Members interrupt each other

b. Members blurt out ideas

c. There isn’t much time for doing it

d. Only one member talks at a time

36. A problem with brainstorming is

a. Everyone thins their ideas are the best ones

b. People may not be able to access their ideas

c. People build on others’ ideas instead of contributing their own

d. Too many ideas confuse the issue

37. In brainstorming, priming is

a. Presenting ideas from low-accessible categories

b. Separating secondary ideas from prime ideas

c. Letting the people who know the most about a topic do the brainstorming

d. Paying attention to the people with the best ideas

38. Paying attention to the ideas of other in important in brainstorming because

a. It keeps the group from repeating rejected ideas

b. It allows the minority to include their ideas

c. It activates low-accessible ideas

d. It makes no difference

TRUE OR FALSE

39.  Controversy occurs when two sides disagree with each other’s ideas and opinions and ask a mediator to determine who is right.

40.  For constructive controversy, there has to be both cooperation and conflict.

41.  In controversy, when a decision is made, the controversy ends and participants commit themselves to a common course of action.

42.  Concurrence-seeking is close to the groupthink concepts of Janis.

43.  The greater the cooperative elements and the lesser the competitive elements, the more constructive the conflict.

44.  In group discussions, if there is a margin of support for one alternative, other ideas have little chance of being accepted.

45.  Controversy has been found to diminish good relationships among those involved in the controversy.

46.  The purpose of controversy is to judge sides and adopt the best one.

47.  A cooperative context is more likely to result in concurrence-seeking than in information seeking.

48.  Minority opinions are most persuasive when they are unwilling to compromise.

49.  Brainstorming is more effective in a group than when individuals brainstorm on their own.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

50.  Explain the differences between controversy, concurrence seeking, debate, and individualistic decision making.

51.  Explain how the process of controversy leads to better thinking.

52.  Explain why groups avoid conflict in decision-making situations.

53.  Why is individual decision-making lacking?

54.  Why is debate unsatisfactory for good decision-making?

55.  What are ways in which a group can stifle good ideas?

56.  Explain the process (steps) of controversy.

57.  Why is creating uncertainty in a group member a good thing?

58.  Why is a cooperative context important for the success of a controversy?

59.  What are the effects of a competitive context on those involved in controversy?

60.  What are the effects of a cooperative context on those involved in controversy?

61.  Why is it important to confirm the other’s competence when disagreeing with them?

62.  What are the elements of rational argument?

63.  How can those with a minority opinions influence the majority opinion?

64.  How does the controversy procedure foster support for the minority opinion?

65.  How does controversy affect creativity?

66.  What are some important procedures for motivating creativity?

67.  Explain the differences between open-minded and close-minded groups.

68.  Explain why priming and attention are important for diversity of ideas in brainstorming.

Chapter 9: Managing Conflicts of Interest

1. When you desire something it is a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

2. When something is necessary for your survival, it is a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

3. The potential benefit we will gain by achieving our goals is a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

4. Roger is trying for a promotion. The pay increase he will receive represents a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

5. Helen sees a dress that she really loves. That dress represents a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

6. David has not eaten in several days. For him, food represents a

a. Want

b. Need

c. Interest

d. None of the above

7. Which is NOT something a conflict of interest is based on?

a. Differences in wants, needs, goals, and values

b. Scarcities of resources such as power or influence

c. Rivalry

d. Incompatible ideas

8. Conflicts are constructive to the extent that they

a. Result in everyone’s best interest

b. Strengthen relationships

c. Allow the stronger party to win

d. a and b

e. All of the above

9. Bob is spreading false rumors about Frank. That is an example of

a. Direct aggression

b. Indirect aggression

c. Emotional aggression

d. Instrumental aggression

10. Debi and Rob have a disagreement that leads to a fist fight. This is an example of

a. Direct aggression

b. Indirect aggression

c. Emotional aggression

d. Instrumental aggression

11. In a conflict of interest, how you behave depends on

a. How important your goals are to you

b. How important the relationship is to you

c. How important your job is to you

d. a and b

e. All of the above

12. When a relationship is more important than the goals, a person would use which conflict management strategy?

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing

13. When the goal is more important than relationships, a person would use which conflict management strategy?

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing

14. When both the goal and relationship is important, a person would use which conflict management strategy?

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing (shark)

15. When neither the goal nor the relationship is important, a person would use which conflict management strategy?

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing

promise usually occurs instead of problem-solving negotiation when

a. No one wants to discuss the issue any longer

b. Time is in short supply

c. Bonus points are given for compromise

d. None of the above

17. To be competent in managing conflicts

a. Do whatever feels like the natural thing to do

b. Learn to always use problem-solving negotiation

c. Learn to do all five strategies

d. Learn to avoid conflict

18. A telephone salesman tries to sell Janet some vitamins. When he refuses to take “no” for an answer, she hangs up on him. This is an example of

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing

19. Linda really wants a horse farm. David is not enthusiastic about the idea but he buys it for her anyway. This is an example of

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

e. Forcing

20. Which of the following strategies can be enacted by one person alone?

promising

b. Withdrawing

c. Smoothing

d. Problem-solving negotiations

21. When you use one strategy, it makes the others

a. Less possible

b. More possible

c. Not possible

d. They are equally possible

22. Les is running for public office and must maintain a congenial public image. Her avoidance of conflict is due to

a. An internal barrier

b. An external barrier

c. A triggering barrier

d. Fear of aggression

23. Maintaining the relationship in the future becomes important when interactions between the two of you are

a. Durable and frequent

b. Powerful and perceptive

c. Conflicted and mediated

d. Short-term and intense

24. If the time and place is NOT right for dealing with a conflict, it can be avoided by