Instructor’s resource manual and test bank for joining together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e (стр. 6 )

d. Feel disconnected from their work

63. Which of the following is a consequence of equality system of distributive justice?

a. Defensive attitude with other group members

b. Increased number of resource attractors

c. Indifference regarding group output

d. Mutual respect among group members

64. Roger and Anne are working on a project together. Anne’s mother dies suddenly, so Roger does most of the work. He puts both of their names on the report. This is an example of

a. Equity distribution system

b. Equality distribution system

c. Need distribution system

d. Unfair distribution system

65. Before a task is performed, members tend to believe that a ______system is fairest; after the task is completed, they tend to believe that a ______ system is most fair

a. Equality; equity

b. Equity; need

c. Equity, equality

d. Need, equality

66. Helga and her friends are working together on a research paper. If it gets published in a journal, Helga’s name is going to be listed first since she secured the grant for the research project. This is an example for

a. Equality system of distributive justice

b. Equity view of distributing benefits

c. Distribution of benefits according to need

d. Resource attractor view of distributing benefits

67. A small business of friends specializing in computer consulting provides help over the phone every evening. The members decided to divide up the time to take calls. Paula is usually on duty between 5 and 9, when it is toughest – the highest number of calls with the most difficult problems. James is on call after 9, when it is relatively quiet, and even boring. They both get paid the same amount of money. The way the money gets divided is called

a. Equality system of distributive justice

b. Equity view of distributing benefits

c. Distribution of benefits according to need

d. Resource attractor view of distributing benefits

68. Someone’s personal worth and the extent to which this person contributes to the group’s work is closely connected in

a. Equality system of distributive justice

b. Equity view of distributing benefits

c. Distribution of benefits according to need

d. Resource attractor view of distributing benefits

69. If a competitive person joins a cooperative group, the group members are likely to

a. Become more competitive

b. Become more cooperative

c. Not change their behavior

d. Isolate the competitive newcomer

70. Based on Deutsch’s definition, you trust someone if, by trusting that person,

a. Your potential gain is about the same as your potential loss

b. You can gain more than you can lose

c. You can lose more than you can gain

d. You love and respect that person.

71. Which of the following is the best good definition of openness?

a. The offering of your materials and resources to others in order to help them

move the group towards goal accomplishment

b. The sharing of information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, and reactions to

the issue the group is pursuing

c. The willingness to respond to another person’s risk-taking in a way that

ensures that the other person will experience beneficial consequences

d. The willingness to risk beneficial or harmful consequences by making oneself

vulnerable to other group members

72. The most important thing about building and maintaining trust is

a. Agreeing with the other person

b. Being trustworthy

c. Resolving conflicts in a constructive manner

d. Showing high acceptance

73. Maintaining trust in interpersonal relationships is very important. The following are all good pieces of advice to that effect, EXCEPT one. Which one?

a. Agree with everything the other person says

b. Avoid cracking a joke at the other person’s expense

c. Feel free to share your thoughts and feelings after the other person has done

so

d. Let your guard down if the other person has shown acceptance and support

74. Trust is ______to establish and ______ to break, distrust is ______ to create and ______to change.

a. Easy; easy; difficult; difficult

b. Easy; difficult; difficult; easy

c. Difficult; difficult; easy; easy

d. Difficult; easy; easy; difficult

75. The following are all ways to regain trust in a group after the trust has been broken, EXCEPT one. Which one?

a. Apologize sincerely and right away

b. Establish a tough but fair reputation

c. Make yourself vulnerable from time to time

d. Remain trusting and trustworthy at all times

76. Initial trusting in a new relationship is recommended because

a. It can create a self-fulfilling prophecy

b. One would only join a group whose members are all trustworthy

c. One should always trust

d. Trust is hard to build otherwise

77. You have a new classmate from a fraternity whose members have a reputation of being aggressive and obnoxious. When observing him in class you find him somewhat aggressive and so, when he asks for your notes, you vehemently refuse. He soon behaves with you in an obnoxious way. This is best explained by

a. Interpersonal skills development theory

b. Deutsch’s conflict resolution theory

c. Self-fulfilling prophecy

d. Fraternity traditions

78. The Interpersonal Trust Scale was developed by

a. Morton Deutsch

b. David Johnson

c. Julian Rotter

d. Kurt Lewin

79. When looking at individual differences in how trusting one is, research found that people who have a tendency to trust others tend to ___________ than people who tend to distrust.

a. Lie and be unhappy

b. Be conflicted and maladjusted

c. Be high self-monitoring

d. Be more trustworthy

TRUE OR FALSE

80.  Group goals are helpful but not essential to a group’s functioning.

81.  Group members are more committed to group goals if they are involved in forming them.

82.  It is best for group functioning if goals are kept general and flexible.

83.  In most groups, members have hidden agendas.

84.  In an effective group, hidden agendas must always be brought to surface and thoroughly discussed.

85.  The survey-feedback method is focused on finding out how group members feel about the atmosphere and the effectiveness of the group.

86.  Lewin felt that it is the drive for goal accomplishment that motivates cooperative and competitive behavior.

87.  Vikings’ fans have positive identity interdependence

88.  Students participating in a jigsaw activity have positive task interdependence.

89.  In cooperative contexts, participants tend to use more high-level reasoning than in competitive and individualistic contexts.

90.  Individuals in cooperative settings like each other more than people in individualistic or competitive settings.

91.  There is a strong negative correlation between competitive attitude and psychological health.

92.  Individualistic attitudes are positively related to strong personal identity, self-confidence and emotional maturity.

93.  Self-esteem is more positively associated with cooperative experiences than with competitive experiences.

94.  Positive interdependence exists to the extent that I can only succeed if you do, too.

95.  Task interdependence is an example for outcome interdependence.

96.  The combination of goal and reward interdependence is a more powerful motivator than only goal interdependence.

97.  Social loafing is likely if there is a lack of individual accountability.

98.  During group processing, members should express respect for each other.

99.  According to the equity view of distribution, everyone should be rewarded evenly.

100.  A disadvantage of the equality view of distributive justice is that it can lead to depersonalization of group members.

101.  The more group members trust each other, the more effectively they can work together.

102.  Based on Deutsch’s definition, you trust someone if you can gain more than you can lose by trusting that person.

103.  Accepting someone means agreeing with that person.

104.  Group members need to accept themselves and each other to be able to function productively.

105.  Once established, distrust is very difficult to change.

106.  Failing to return someone’s openness will decrease trust.

107.  Trust is appropriate in all situations.

108.  High trusters are more likely to be sought out as friends by high trusters only, but not by low trusters.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

109.  Give at least four reasons why goals are important for a group.

110.  Define what a good group goal is.

111.  Discuss the 5 criteria (START) of effective goals.

112.  Discuss why it is important to involve group members in forming group goals.

113.  Explain why “do your best on the quiz” is not a good goal. In your response, discuss the difference between operational and nonoperational goals.

114.  Explain what hidden agendas are and suggest three ways of dealing with them.

115.  Name and explain the criteria of effective group goals.

116.  Briefly explain how the critical path method works in helping groups set goals.

117.  Briefly explain what social interdependence is, and how it is different from social dependence and social independence.

118.  Discuss the relationship between the type of social interdependence and the interaction pattern it elicits.

119.  Discuss what takes place in promotive interaction.

120.  Name and explain two different types of positive interdependence.

121.  Compare and contrast the effect of cooperation and competition on efforts exerted to achieve.

122.  Compare and contrast the effect of cooperation and competition on quality of relationships among participants.

123.  Compare and contrast the effect of cooperation and competition on participants’ psychological adjustment and social competence.

124.  Discuss how self-esteem is related to cooperative and competitive experiences.

125.  List and briefly discuss the three criteria that need to be met so that competition can be constructively.