Instructor’s resource manual and test bank for joining together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e (стр. 8 )

30. In one-way communication with feedback, the function of feedback is

a. To provide the sender information about what the receivers think of the message

b. To inform the sender about how well the receivers understood the message

c. To make the communication appear more democratic and inclusive

d. To provide the receivers with an opportunity to influence decision making

31. In two-way communication _______________________, whereas in one-way communication with feedback ___________________.

a. Both sending and receiving skills are needed; decision making is more time

consuming

b. There is no provision for reciprocal influence; decision making takes less time.

c. Participation is distributed; the receivers negotiate for meaning but there

is no way for mutual influence

d. Effectiveness is determined by the clarity of message; the receivers negotiate

for meaning but there is no way for mutual influence

32. An effect of authority hierarchy on two-way communication is that low-authority members tend to

municate a lot with each other but not with higher-ups

b. Speak inconsequentially

c. Do most of the talking

d. Be very open and frank in their remarks

33. Information and technological gatekeepers are

a. Clinicians

b. Moderators

c. Pollsters

d. Opinion leaders

34. In one-way communication, gatekeepers

a. Apply the processes of leveling, sharpening and integration

b. Negotiate for meaning with higher-ups

c. Promote mutual influence among group members and the chairperson

d. Interpret the message to group members

35. If there is no direct communication between persons, the following three processes will affect the message

a. Leveling, integration and assimilation

b. Sharpening, integration, assimilation

c. Leveling, sharpening, assimilation

d. Leveling, sharpening, integration

36. As the message gets passed on through several people, the amount of information contained in the message gets reduced, and the message itself gets shorter. This process is called:

a. Assimilation

b. Integration

c. Leveling

d. Sharpening

37. As the message gets passed on through several people, certain parts of the message get more dominant, whereas other parts will be left out. This process is called:

a. Assimilation

b. Integration

c. Leveling

d. Sharpening

38. As the message gets passed on through several people, the message changes to fit into the receivers’ frame of reference. This process is called:

a. Assimilation

b. Integration

c. Leveling

d. Sharpening

munication between competing group members tends to be

a. Constructive

b. Defensive

c. Effective

d. Seen as a mutual problem

40. Based on Gibb’s (1961) study, which of the following type of behavior does NOT create defensive communication?

a. Evaluation

b. Neutrality

c. Certainty

d. Leadership

41. Group ecology is generated by the

a. Temperature of the meeting place

b. Self-disparaging humor used by group leaders

c. Seating arrangement

d. Various sources of stress such as noise

42. Which one of them is true for the effect of seating arrangements on group communication?

a. People communicate more with those sitting across them than with

those sitting next to them

b. A formal seating arrangement induces feelings of stability and ease in group

members

c. People are aware of and recognize the importance of seating arrangements as

reflective of the status of group members

d. Easy eye contact is likely to lead to hostility.

43. Group leaders who are effective at reducing tension and encouraging member participation tend to use

bordinate-targeted disparaging humor

perior-targeted disparaging humor

c. Both subordinate-targeted and superior-targeted disparaging humor

d. Self-disparaging humor

TRUE OR FALSE

44. In effective group communication, there is always a clearly defined sequence of sending and receiving messages.

45. Lisping is a noise in the channel.

46. Dyadic analysis of communication is a good way to study group communication.

47. Your credibility as a sender is partly determined by your motives and your trustworthiness.

48. A principle barrier to effective communication is the human tendency to judge and evaluate.

49. Ideally, a person will understand the message and evaluate it at the same time.

50. According to Bales’ (1962) equilibrium theory, effective groups focus mainly on task completion.

51. Homans and Bales agree that groups need to take care of both the task and the socioemotional well-being of the group.

52. According to Gouran and Hirokawa (1996), effective decision making serves three functions: promotive functions, counteractive functions, and balancing actions.

53. Centralized communication networks are more efficient than decentralized ones when the task is simple and is focused on information collection.

54. The morale of a group with decentralized communication network is higher than the morale of a group with a centralized network.

55. Group members in fringe positions are just as satisfied with the group as members in central positions.

56. In one-way with feedback communication, group members are given the chance to provide feedback and influence decisions.

57. In two-way communication, each group member has a chance to initiate messages.

58. Low-authority group members tend to address their messages to high authority figures, and not to other low-authority group members.

59. A gatekeeper is one who protects high-authority members from low-authority members.

60. Sharpening is when someone retains some points of the information as high points, while most of the message is forgotten.

61. Cooperators tend to perceive the intentions and actions of group members more accurately than competitors.

62. The more formal the seating arrangement of a meeting, the more anxious group members are likely to feel.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

63. Define effective group communication

64. Describe what noise is in the communication process. Give an example for noise in the sender, receiver and channel

65. List and briefly discuss five guidelines discussed in your book for sending messages effectively

66. Briefly discuss what sender credibility is, and the factors affecting it

67. List and briefly discuss the three receiving skills

68. List and briefly discuss the three levels of interaction that we can analyze

69. Discuss the difference between centralized and decentralized communication networks, and their effects on group efficiency

pare and contrast one-way communication, one-way communication with feedback, and two-way communication using the criteria of group leader and group member satisfaction, and efficiency

71. Discuss the relevance of gatekeepers in one-way communication

72. Discuss how sharpening, leveling, and assimilation affect communication when a message gets passed through several people

73. Discuss how competitive and cooperative groups differ in their communication

74. Discuss three of the physical factors that affect communication within a group

Chapter 5: Leadership

1. Based on the etymology of the words, __________ are people who “handle” and maintain the status quo.

a. Leaders

b. Heroes

c. Managers

d. Manufacturers

2. The motto “Leaders are born, not made” corresponds to the __________ theory of leadership.

a. Charisma

b. Machiavellian

c. Influence

d. Trait

3. The finding that many highly intelligent people do not become leaders is a problem with the

a. Trait theory of leadership

b. Charisma theory of leadership

c. Distributed-actions theory of leadership

d. Role position approach to leadership

4. In the study of traits leadership, the largest predictor of leadership success is

a. Being in the right place at the right time

b. Prior success in leadership roles

c. Having organizational skills

d. Being tall

5. Which of the following is NOT a problem with the trait theory of leadership?

a. Not all great leaders are charismatic

b. Great leaders are identified as such after they have become great leaders

c. An unlimited number of traits may need to be identified

d. Different traits may be needed at different times

6. Charismatic leaders

a. Are determined by current events

b. Have little ideological commitment

c. Inspire confidence in their followers

d. Pay attention to the common people

7. Machiavellian leaders believe that

a. People are easy to manipulate

b. Power should be exercised for the common good

c. Most people are psychopathological

d. Unless you have a sense of mission, you cannot be an effective leader

8. According to Christie and Geis (1970), Machiavellian leaders are characterized by the following characteristics except one. Which one?

a. Little emotional investment in interpersonal relationships

b. Lack of concern for conventional morality

c. Little ideological commitment

d. Distorted perception of reality

9. Which is NOT an objection to the trait theory of leadership?

a. Leadership is determined by social forces

b. Leaders are an integral part of a social system

c. Leaders are born with the charisma needed for the job

d. Leadership is a relationship between leaders and followers

10. Based on Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939)’s study on leadership styles, we know that the frequency of aggressive acts is higher under _____________ leaders than under ________ leaders.

a. Democratic and autocratic; laissez-faire

b. Democratic and laissez-faire; autocratic

c. Autocratic and laissez-faire; democratic

d. Autocratic and Machiavellian; democratic

3. Laissez-faire and Machiavellian; autocratic

11. In studies of the style theory of leadership, member satisfaction is more strongly associated with

a. Autocratic

b. Democratic

c. Laissez-faire

d. Reciprocity

12. Group productivity is best promoted by

a. A person-oriented leadership style where consensus in decision making is