"Применение вариативных программ на уроках английского языка с упором на лексико-грамматический аспект" (стр. 5 )

Я люблю видеть улыбающиеся лица.

б) причастным оборотом: e. g. The boy sitting at the table is her brother.

Мальчик, сидящий за столом, её брат.

в) обстоятельством (на рус. яз. – деепричастием): e. g. She went out smiling.

Она вышла улыбаясь.

Exercise 1. Образуйте причастия I от следующих глаголов и переведите их на русский язык:

to go, to smoke, to sit, to study, to lie, to eat, to come, to buy, to sell, to talk, to give, to put, to stop, to pay.

Exercise 2. Прочитайте предложения, найдите причастия I и переведите их:

1.  The man sitting in the corner of the room is a famous actor. 2. She is in the kitchen washing the dishes. 3. The old msn fell asleep watching television. 4. There is a taxi near our house waiting for us. 5. Two pages are missing in the book.6. The test given to the students is not very difficult. 7. She liked to do her homework listening to music. 8. Waiting for the bus I saw my friend.

Exercise 3. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:

а) спрашивающий, одевающийся, дающий, помогающий, делающий ошибки, рассказывающий, показывающий, уходящий (покидающий), спешащий, сдающий экзамены, плавающий, лежащий, отдыхающий, строящий, слушающий, пытающийся.

б) разговаривающий человек, улыбающаяся девушка, играющие дети.

Причастие прошедшего времени

Past Participle (II)

V-ed/V3

Участвует в образовании времен группы Perfect, страдательного залога.

В предложении может быть:

а) определением к существительному: e. g. The broken cup was on the floor.

Разбитая чашка была на полу.

б) причастным оборотом: e. g. Here is the letter received from Nick.

Вот письмо, полученное от Ника.

Exercise 1. Образуйте причастия II от следующих глаголов и переведите их на русский язык:

to go, to sit, to come, to become, to get, to be, to feel, to think, to swim, to lie, to die, to fall, to grow, to drive, to rise, to et, to run.

Exercise 2. Прочитайте предложения, найдите причастия II и переведите их:

1.  There are many illustrated magazines in our reading-room. 2. When going home, I met my friend.3. The boy playing in the garden is my sister’s son. 4. The football game, watched by thousands of people, ended in the victory of the “Fakel” team.5. Taking a book from the shelf he sat down to read it. 6. There is a road joining the factory with the railway station. 7. He left the room noticed by no one. 8. There is a growing interest in Russian art in foreign countries. 9. The students were in the library doing their tasks. 10. Finish your exercise, your time is gone.

Exercise 3.Переведите следующие сочетания слов:

а) На русский язык:

a closed door, a saved man, written work, one of the discussed questions, a well-known writer, a well-dressed woman, a well-prepared report.

б) На английский язык:

проданная вещь, забытая мелодия (tune), данный урок, прочитанная книга, обсужденный вопрос, спасенный ребенок, хорошо исполненная пьеса, хорошо одетый мужчина.

Exercise 4. Переведите словосочетания

Америка открыта Колумбом (to discover)

Хлеб, нарезанный папой (to cut)

Вареная картошка (to boil)

Сломанная нога (to break)

Выполненное домашнее задание

(to do)

Мужчина, открывающий дверь (to open)

Нож, режущий хлеб (to cut)

Повар, варящий суп (to cook)

Ребенок, ломающий игрушку (to break)

Ученик, выполняющий домашнее задание (to do)

Собака, растящая щенков (to grow)

Выращенный щенок (to grow)

Unit 6: Образование в России.

Профессиональное образование.

Text 1. Education in Russia.

The citizens of Russia have the right to education. There are different schools in Russia: large, small, state and private. Eleven years are compulsory for all children. The school year begins in September and ends in May. When the Russian children finish secondary school they can go to the university or college.

As for me, I am a student of the professional lyceum. It is situated in Gubkin in Belgorod region. I am a first year student. Our PL trains skilled workers: borers, drivers, welders, electricians, locomotive and excavator drivers. The students receive a working trade and the secondary education. The training period lasts three years. The students study four days a week and work one day a week. In their free time students go in for sport, visit cinema and dance. I study many subjects: Algebra, English, History, Literature, Chemistry, etc. My future trade is _________________.

Words:

education – образование;

citizen – гражданин;

the right to – право на…;

state – государственный;

private –частный;

compulsory – обязательный;

secondary – общеобразовательный;

a first year student – первокурсник;

to train – готовить;

to receive –получать;

training period – подготовительный период;

to last – длиться;

etc. – и т. д.

Речевые клише

1. to get a working trade;	1. получать рабочую профессию;
2. to be taught by experienced teachers;	2. обучаться у опытных преподавателей;
3. to enter a professional lyceum;	3. поступить в ПЛ № 1;
4. to live at a hostel;	4. жить в общежитии;
5. to be present at lessons;	5. присутствовать на уроках;
6. to be absent from lessons;	6. отсутствовать на уроках;
7. to get good/bad marks;	7. получать хорошие/плохие оценки;
8. to listen attentively to the explanation;	8. слушать внимательно объяснения;
9. lesson in History;	9. урок истории;
10. to have practice in the workshops;	10. проходить практику в мастерских;
11. to master a trade;	11. овладеть профессией;
12. studies at classrooms and laboratories;	12. занятия в классах и лабораториях;
13. modern technical equipment;	13. современное техническое оборудование;
14. to get a trade at PL № 1;	14. получить профессию в ПЛ № 1;
15. teachers and foremen;	15. учителя и мастера п/о;
16. necessary knowledge;	16. необходимые знания;
17.highly skilled workers;	17. высококвалифицированные рабочие;
18. to graduate from PL № 1;	18. окончить ПЛ № 1;
19. to get secondary education.	19. получить среднее образование.

Text 2. Vocational Training in Russia

Our national economy needs a great number of skilled workers. Modern workers must possess high skill and profound knowledge.

The first vocational schools in our country were opened in 1920. It was a hard time for the young country. Since that time more than 70 million skilled workers have finished these schools. They work at factories and plants, in mines and quarries, at leading construction projects and on collective farms. There are more than six thousand vocational schools in our country. They provide opportunities not only of learning a trade, but also of completing secondary education. The trainees have every opportunity to continue their education.

A worker of today needs as much general and specialized knowledge as a technician or an engineer of 50 years ago. And knowledge comes from the vocational schools.

Words:

vocational training -профессиональное обучение;

to need – нуждаться;

to possess – обладать;

profound knowledge – глубокие знания;

since that time – с тех пор;

a mine – шахта;

a quarry – карьер;

leading – ведущий;

a construction project – строительный проект;

a collective farm – колхоз;

to provide opportunities of… - обеспечить возможности для…;

to complete – завершить;

a trainee – обучающийся;

to continue – продолжить;

general – общий;

specialized – специализированный.

The Dialogue

A: How often do you have practice?

B: We have practice twice a week.

A: On what days of the week have you practice?

B: On Thursday and Saturday.

A: Where do you have practice?

B: We have practice at the workshops, and later at Lebedinsky mining and dressing plant.

A: How many hours a day do you work?

B: We work 6 hours.

A: When does your morning (evening) shift begin?

B: At 8 o’clock.

A: When have you break for lunch?

B: At 12 o’clock.

A: What does your practice begin and finish with?

B: The practice begins and finishes with the foreman’s instructions.

A: What theoretical courses do you have?

B: Technology Equipment, Economy, Protection of Labor, Electric Equipment.

A: What education do you get at PL № 1?

B: We get a complete secondary education.

A: What subjects do you study?

B: We study Literature, History, Chemistry, Mathematics and so on.

A: Why is it necessary to study all these theoretical subjects?

B: It’s necessary to study theoretical subjects to be a qualified worker.

Words:

twice – дважды;

Lebedinsky mining and dressing plant – Лебединский горно-обогатительный комбинат;

shift – смена;

break – перемена, перерыв;

with – с;

theoretical course – теоретический курс;

Protection of Labor – охрана труда;

necessary – необходимо;

qualified – квалифицированный.

Лексические упражнения

1. Выберите правильный перевод английских словосочетаний:

А. 1) роль профессионально-технического образования; 2) научно-технические достижения; 3) современная научно-техническая революция; 4) потребность в большом количестве квалифицированных рабочих; 5) высокая квалификация и глубокие знания.

a) the current scientific and technical revolution;

b) the role of vocational training;

c) the need of great number of skilled workers;

d) scientific and engineering achievements;

e) high skill and profound knowledge.

B. 1) работать в шахтах и карьерах; 2) стать квалифицированным рабочим; 3) играть важную роль; 4) подготовка и обучение молодого поколения; 5) внедрять достижения в производство.

a) to introduce achievements into production;

b) to play an important role;

c) training and educating the young generation;

d) to work in mines and quarries;

e) to become skilled workers.

C. 1) продолжать образование; 2) известные научные работники;

3) обеспечить возможность завершения среднего образования;

4) учебные комплексы НТО.

a) well-known scientific workers;

b) to provide opportunities of completing secondary education;

c) vocational complexes;

d) to continue education.

2. Заполните пропуски следующими словами в соответствующей форме:

(the right, skilled workers, receive, a first year, training period)

1) Our national economy needs ___.

2) I am ___ student.

3) The ___ lasts three years.

4) The citizens of Russia have ___ to education.

5) The students ___ a working trade and the secondary education.

3. Выпишите слово из словарного ряда, которое не подходит по смыслу:

1) training

2) shift

3) introduce

4) compulsory citizen

break

finish

secondary

education

student

complet

skilled

4. Заполните пропуски предлогами и наречиями где это необходимо:

1) The students study four days ___ a week.

2) ___ their free time students go ___ ___ sport.

3) The citizens ___ Russia have the right ___ education.

4) We are taught ___ experienced teachers ___ the PL №1.

5) Eleven years are compulsory ___ all children.

6) Our group listens attentively ___ the explanation ___ teachers.

7) This year I have entered ___ the PL №1.

8) Vocational schools provide opportunities ___ learning a trade.

9) Knowledge comes ___ the vocational schools.

5. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо:

1) ___ citizens of ___ Russia have ___ right to ___ education.

2) ___ school year begins in ___ September.

3) I am ___ first year student of ___ professional lyceum.

4) In ___ their free time students go in for ___ sport, visit ___ cinema and study ___ many subjects: ___ Algebra, ___ English, etc.

5) We get ___ complete secondary education.

6) It’s necessary to study ___ theoretical subjects to be ___ qualified worker.

7) ___ students receive ___ working trade and ___ secondary education.

6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя активную лексику урока:

Граждане России имеют право на образование. Одиннадцатилетнее образование обязательно для всех детей.

После средней школы я пошел в Профессиональный лицей № 1. Профессиональные школы дают возможность продолжить образование и получить профессию.

Подготовительный период длится три года. Учащиеся учатся пять дней в неделю и один день работают. Мы проходим практику в мастерских, а позже на Лебединском горно-обогатительном комбинате.

Английские пословицы о труде

1.  A cat in gloves catches no mice.

Без труда не вытащишь и рыбку из пруда.

2.  Jack of all trades is a master of none.

За все берется, да не все удается.

3.  Diligence is the mother of success.

Терпенье и труд все перетрут.

4.  He works best who knows his trade.

Дело мастера боится.

5.  Live and learn

Век живи, век учись.

6.  No pains, no gains.

Без труда нет и плода.

7.  Self done is well done.

Хорошо делается то, что делается своими руками.

8.  The work shows the workman.

По работе и мастера видно.

Проверьте себя:

1) Jack ___ is a master of none.

2) ___ is the mother of success.

3) He works best who knows his ___.

4) A cat in gloves catches no ___.

5) No ___, no gains.

6) The ___ shows the workman.

7)  Self done is ___ done.

8) Diligence is the mother of ___.

9)  Jack of all trades is a ___ of none.

10) He works ___ who knows his trade.

11) A cat in ___ catches no mice.

Starting Work and Studies in Britain.

It is important that people enjoy their work as much as possible; and enjoying work means choosing the right career in the first place.

People in Britain can start work at the age of sixteen, though many people stay at school after this age. For all people, as they approach the end of their school lives, the big question is - what are they going to do? How are they going to find a job? What kind of future training will they need? How will they know if it is the right kind of training for them?

Most young people have several choices open to them when they leave school. Here are some of them. They can leave school at the age of sixteen, and take a low paid job, often a manual one such as working in a shop, a factory or a railway station.

They can leave school at sixteen, take a job but spend one day a week at a College of Further Education learning more about the theory and practice of their work. Many people who are learning a practical skill - for example, car mechanics, - do this. At the end of their training, they get a qualification which gives them a better chance of promotion and higher wages. At the same time, they have gained practical experience in their job because they have been working while training.

Many people stay at school to take 0-level and A-level G. C.E. examinations. This means working very hard and earning no money for two or three more years. However, with 0-level and A-level a student has more choices open to him. If he goes to a Technical College, he can get a qualification in a practical skill such as engineering work, business studies of child care. He can go to a College of Education and train to be a teacher. These training courses take from two to seven years.

If a student has very good results in his A-levels, he can go to a University and get a degree in a subject like Maths, Science. This normally takes three years. University teaching combines lectures, practical classes (in scientific subjects) and small group teaching in different seminars, the last being a traditional feature of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

However, after such an academic course many students still have no practical skill for doing a job.

In the last years there have been more and more students who are able to study to take "external" degree or a university diploma in a series of subjects.

"External" means that you take a university degree without actually attending a university. Higher education in all its forms has been expanding rapidly in England and nowhere more suddenly than in the collages of technology. These now have the widest possible range of subjects for study and immense resources of staff and equipment.

The lecture are each an hour long, starting at 9.15 in the morning and ending at 4.45 in the afternoon. There are also evening classes.

Words:

to approach – приближаться;

job - работа;

training – обучение;

to leave – покидать;

low paid – низкооплачиваемый;

manual – ручной;

further – дальнейший;

promotion – продвижение;

higher wages – более высокие заработки;

to gaine – получать, приобретать;

experience – опыт;

0 - level - ordinary level – обычный уровень;

A - level - advanced level – продвинутый уровень;

G. C.E. = General Certificate of Education – Общий Сертификат Образования;

to earn – зарабатывать деньги;

to take – занимать;

degree – степень;

maths = mathematics;

to combine – включать в себя;

feature – черта;

are able – способны, в состоянии;

"external" – экстерном;

attending – посещение;

to expand – распространяться;

nowhere – нигде;

range – диапазон, область;

immense – огромный;

staff – персонал.

Найдите в тексте выражения:

1)  нарабатывать практический опыт в своей работе;

2)  приближаться к концу своей школьной жизни;

3)  покинуть школу;

4)  низкооплачиваемая работа;

5)  проводить один в неделю в Колледже Дальнейшего Образования;

6)  узнавать больше о теории и практике своей работы;

7)  обучаться практическому навыку;

8)  получить квалификацию в практической работе;

9)  лучший шанс продвижения и более высокие заработки;

10)  приобрести практический опыт;

11)  сдавать экзамены;

12)  зарабатывать деньги;

13)  больше шансов, открытых перед ним;

14)  получить университетскую степень;

15)  огромные ресурсы персонала и оборудования.

Грамматика

Passive Voice. Пассивный залог.

to be + V-ed/V3

В активном залоге подлежащее выполняет действие, а в пассивно залоге подлежащее само является объектом действия. Пассивный залог употребляют в том случае, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несущественен, или когда действие или его результат более важны, чем исполнитель.

Сравните:

Active Voice

a) The workers built the house.

b) They offered me a good job.

Passive Voice

a) The house was built a year ago.

b) I was offered a good job.

	Simple	Progressive	Perfect
Present	I am invited He is invited You are invited		I have been invited He has been invited
Past	I was invited We were invited
Future	I shall be invited He will be invited

by – кем выполняется действие

with – чем выполняется действие

e. g. Who was the device invented by?

Кем был изобретен прибор?

The letter was written with the pen.

Письмо было написано ручкой

Exercise 1. Найдите в «Специальных терминах» фразы с пассивным глаголом.

Exercise 2. Переведите:

Variant -1

1.  The windows were shut.

2.  The trucks were made in Moscow.

3.  The nurses are needed in the hospital.

4.  The film will be shown next week.

5.  The car has already been fixed.

6.  The armchair was taken away.

7.  Glasses were made there.

8.  Fish was put on the plates.

9.  Tom was asked at the lesson.

10. This box was delivered in the morning.

Variant -2

1. The room was aired.

2. The table was cleaned.

3. The books were put in order.

4. The letters were received by them.

5. He was heard of no more.

6. The text was read by them yesterday.

7. Some noise was heard in the street.

8. The vet was sent for. (vet – veterinarian)

9. She was asked to come in time.

10. The tea was drunk and the cake was eaten.

Variant -3

1. The cows, horses and sheep were fed in time.

2. The dog was seen near the hen-house.

3. They were dressed in grey.

4. The house was built last year.

5. A lot of books were printed last year.

6. These words were taken from the book.

7. The children were taken to the theater.

8. This film was shown last night.

9. The letter was found yesterday morning.

10. The plates were washed after dinner.

Variant -4

1. The letters were brought by the postman in time.

2. The book was sent last week.

3. A new yellow dress was bought for Ann.

4. The lorries were made in Nizhny Novgorod.

5. The pen was left on the table some minutes ago.

6. Nelly was invited to the cinema last night.

7. A vet was needed on the farm last year. (vet – veterinarian)

8. Chickens were fried for dinner.

9. The poor rabbit was killed.

10. Geese and ducks were placed quite near the river on the farm.

Exercise 3. Определите залог глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

Variant -1

1. It is not made of metal, it is made of wood.

2. Was he cured after that?

3. Doctor N. cured him.

4. Shall we do it tomorrow? - Yes, this work must be done as soon as possible.

5. Who has broken the window, not you, Bob?

6. When his money was spent Bob wrote a letter to his uncle Albert.

7. Did you have much trouble with your English?

8. We enjoyed his concert very much.

9. Has that letter been already delivered?

10. The turkey was brought and put on the table.

Variant -2

1.  He is a splendid speaker: he always makes wonderful speeches.

2.  I am expecting my brother, I can’t go with you.

3.  The river was not frozen that winter.

4.  He has answered your questions, hasn’t he?

5.  Her picture will not have been finished by that time.

6.  If you see Peter tomorrow, ask him to ring me up.

7.  The path has led them to a village with a lake near it.

8.  Do you know her address?

9.  What are you doing there?

10. The child was taken care of.

Variant -3

1. As he had long been the director of the technical college he at once recognized the young woman whom he remembered as his student.

2. Are you sending me so far away? I can’t go now.

3. The letter has been sent when they remembered some new facts.

4. Do you send your letters every week?

5. Mary has a telegram congratulating her mother on her birthday.

6. Mother washed the plates after dinner.

7. The Atlantic Ocean washes the eastern part of American continents.

8. The USA is washed by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

9. Wash your hands and come to eat.

10. The letter was received by them yesterday.

Variant -4

1. Don’t awake: she is tired.

2. This was the road leading to the station.

3. Who will lead that group on an excursion?

4. It has been planned to go to the south but suddenly they changed their plans.

5. They were sent to a party of specialists to solve some problems.

6. Write me a letter, I beg you!

7. These poems were written in 1816.

8. These poems written in the 19th century are still actual and vivid.

9. This letter has been written today.

10. These things were bought there.

Variant -5

1.  The eleven o’clock train was missed and they had to wait till the next one.

2.  Will you help me tomorrow?

3.  Don’t forget to write!

4.  Have you ever been to the circus?

5.  The stories were told, the tea was drunk but nobody wanted to go to bed.

6.  Teach me some folk songs.

7.  He wants to be taught by experienced teachers.

8.  Is English taught in all classes in your school?

9.  They taught History at the same school 10 years ago.

10. The book was translated by them.

Exercise 4. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму:

1.  The thief ran away but he (find) by the policemen.

2.  Tom (ask) at the lesson today.

3.  He (cure) soon by Doctor N.

4.  One man (catch) immediately.

Exercise 5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple Passive или в Past Simple Passive:

Variant -1

1.  There is a monkey which (call) Bubble.

2.  Two men (see) breaking into a house last night.

3.  The car (own) by Michael Jones.

4.  The police (call) and they arrived very quickly.

5.  The great collection (keep) in Dr. Crane’s house.

Variant -2

1.  The pet (feed) every day by a girl.

2.  The thief ran away but he (find) by the policeman.

3.  She (always/dress) in funny clothes.

4.  Both boys (take) home where they (ask) questions by their parents.

5.  He (say) to be my best friend.

Unit 7:

My Future Trade. Welder.

Text A. Welding

Welding is a process when metal parts are joined together by the application of heat pressure or a combination of both. The processes of welding can be divided into two main groups:

pressure welding, when the weld is achieved by pressure and

heat welding, when the weld is achieved by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today.

Nowadays welding is used instead of bolting and riveting in the construction of many types of structures, including bridges, buildings and ships. It is also a basic process in the manufacture of machinery and in the motor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in all productions where metals are used.

The welding process depends greatly on the properties of the metals, the purpose of their application and the available equipment. Welding processes are classified according to the sources of heat and pressure used.

The welding processes widely employed today include gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. Other joining processes are laser welding and electron-beam welding.

Gas Welding

Gas welding is a non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. The flame is applied directly to the metal edges to be joined and simultaneously to a filler metal in the form of wire or rod, called the welding rod, which is melted to the joint. Gas welding has the advantage of using equipment that is portable and does not require an electric power source. The surfaces to be welded and the welding rod are coated with flux, a fusible material that shields the material from air, which would result in a defective weld.

Arc Welding

Arc-welding is the most important welding process for joining steels. It requires a continuous supply of either direct or alternating electrical current. This current is used to create an electric arc, which generates enough heat to melt metal and create a weld.

Arc welding has several advantages over other welding methods. Arc welding is faster because the concentration of heat is high. Also, fluxes are not necessary in certain methods of arc welding. The most widely used arc-welding processes are shielded metal arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas-metal, and submerged arc.