Railway rolling-stocks are presented by traction aggregates OPE-1A, OPE-2, hoppers and dump-cars with capacity 105 tons, useful weight is 1tons per train. Rocks are transported from the mine by trench with raised slope rails (slope-0,04-0,06).
Lebedinsky GOK produces and dispatches to customers the following iron ore products:
- iron ore concentrate, Fe-content 67.5-68.7%;
- overdressed concentrate for secondary metallurgy, Fe-70%, silica-not more than 3%;
- iron ore pellets, Fe-up to 66%.
The customers of Lebedinsky GOK are the biggest steel works of Russia: Novolipetsky, Magnitogorsky, Chelyabinsky, Orsko-Khalilovsky, West-Siberian steel works and Oskolsky Electrometallurgical plant. Near 40% of iron ore products is exported to European and Middle East countries.
The perspective of Lebedinsky GOK development is to create multikind production including not only iron ore production but the construction materials production with overburden and waste rocks raw materials.
We create our own base of construction industry, extend the consumer goods and different services. Silica brick factory produces 100 mil. pcs./year. Crushing-and-sorting installation produces 1 mil. m. of building crushed stones from overburden rocks; crushing-and-sorting factory is reconstructed to produce 4 mil. m./year of crushed stones instead of iron ore products as the rich ore reserves are near to be exhausted. There are two extended clay lightweight concrete blocks producing lines in operation, total capacity is 10 mil. conventional pcs./year. These blocks are used to construct private houses and subsidiary premises.
Words:
a mine – шахта; to extract – добывать; bedding – залегающий; over oxidized – перекисленный; body – (зд.) залежь; dressing – обогащение; a plant – комбинат, завод; to blast – взрывать; irrigated – промываемый; hard rocks – тяжелые породы; explosive – взрывчатый; slurry – жидкая глина; to load – грузить; a dump-truck – самосвал; capacity – емкость ковша; ton – тонна; internal – внутренний; transfer – перевозка; useless – бесполезный, пустой; to store – откладывать; external – внешний; dump – отвал; a rolling-stock – подвижной состав; traction aggregates – тягловый агрегат; | a work – (зд.) завод; hopper – самосвал, вагонетка; dump-car – думпкар, опрокидывающаяся вагонетка; trench – котлован; slope – наклонная выработка, склон; rail – рельс; to dispatch – отправлять; a customer – клиент, заказчик; overdressed – обогащенный; silica – кварцевый; a pellet – окатыш; to create – создавать; multikind – многовидовой; overburden – обогащенный; waste – отходы; to extend – распространять; consumer – потребительский; pcs. – (зд.) штука; to crush – дробить; to exhaust – исчерпывать; subsidiary – вспомогательный; premises – помещение. |
Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте все конструкции в пассивном залоге.
Exercise 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. When were mining works at deposit started?
2. Since what time were the mining works to extract ferruginous quartzites started?
3. What is used to blast hard irrigated ferruginous quartzites and hard rocks?
4. What excavators are used to load hard rocks to railway transport after blasting?
5. Where are useless rocks stored?
6. What iron ore products does Lebedinsky GOK produce and dispatch to customers?
7. Who are the customers of Lebedinsky GOK?
Exercise 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык:
1. railway rolling stock;
2. hoppers and dump-cars with capacity 105 tons;
3. overdressed concentrate;
4. the biggest steel works of Russia;
5. crushing-and-sorting factory;
6. the rich ore reserves are near to be exhausted;
7. overburden and waste rocks raw materials.
Exercise 4. Найдите в правой колонке слова, перевод которых дан в левой колонке:
1. mining – горнодобывающий, обогащенный, многовидовой;
2. to blast – дробить, взрывать, создавать;
3. a dump-truck – думпкар, самосвал, тягловый агрегат;
4. to extract – грузить, отправлять, добывать;
5. a rolling-stock – подвижной состав, опрокидывающаяся вагонетка, тягловый агрегат;
6. a pellet – котлован, окатыш, емкость ковша;
7. to crush – дробить, распространять, взрывать;
8. waste – отвал, отходы, рельс.
Exercise 5. Переведите словосочетания на английский язык:
1. технологическая линия;
2. дополнительное обогащение;
3. добыча;
4. сырье;
5. железнодорожные вагоны;
6. грузоподъемность;
7. железорудный концентрат;
8. пустая порода;
9. поставщики;
10. дробильно-сортировочная установка.
Unit 7: My Future Trade. Borer.
PRODUCTION PROCESS, SCIENTIFIC AND ECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
The first and most important section of technological line is a mine. Mining works at deposit were started in 1956 to extract iron ore beding in top overoxy-dized part of ore body that don't need additional dressing. Since 1972 the mining works to extract ferrugious quartzites - raw materials for dressing plants - were started.
Mining is characterized by high concentration and intensity, operation of high efficient extraction, loading and transport equipment, diversity of technological lines in very difficult geologiacal and hydrogeological conditions. Soft rocks of covering layers are loaded to railway transport by excavators EKG-8I, ESH-10/70, ESH-15/90, then put in stock on the external dump. The part of soft overburden rocks is transported by hydraulic method. The drilling and blasting works are used to break off the ferruginous quartzites and hard rocks. The roller-bit driller SBSH-250MN is used to drill blasting hole, to extend them the flame - jet driller SBSH-250MN is used.
Words:
a mine – карьер; a deposit – месторождение; iron ore – железная руда; to extract – добывать; to bed – залегать; dressing – обогащенный; overoxydized – обогащенный кислородом; ferrugious quartzites – железистые кварциты; raw materials – сырье; extraction –добыча; loading – погрузка; diversity – разнообразие; soft rocks – рыхлые породы; layer – толща; | put in stock - складируются; external dump – внешние экскаваторные отвалы; overburden rocks – крыша; hydraulic - гидромеханизация; the drilling and blasting works – буровзрывные работы; to break off –отбить; hard rocks – скальные породы; the roller-bit driller – станок шарошечного бурения; to drill – бурить; blasting hole – взрывная скважина; to extend – расширять; the flame - jet driller – станок огневого бурения. |
Unit 8: Моя Родина
My Motherland
Exercise 1. Послушайте и прочитайте правильно имена собственные:
Russia, Europe, Asia, Oskol river, Oskolets river, Vorskla river, Belgorod region, Gubkin, Lebedinsky mining and dressing plant.
Exercise 2 Прочитайте следующие слова, пользуясь соответствующими правилами чтения:
[ei]
situated
Asia
population
potatoes
maize
place
[∫]
Russia
Asia
washed
ocean
population
sugar-beet
[ai]
by
mild
climate
mine
mining
[o:]
washed
monument
quarry
ore
Russia. Belgorod region.
Russia is the largest country in the world. It is situated in Europe and Asia.
The country is washed by seas and oceans. The population of Russia is about 166 million people.
I live in the central part of Russia. The central part of the country has mild climate. I live in Belgorod region. Oskol, Oskolets, Vorskla rivers flow in our region. There are many big forests in Belgorod region. The farmers grow potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, sugar-beet and maize.
I live in Gubkin. It is situated on the river Oskolets. Our town is small.
There are many monuments and places of interest in our town. There are many factories in Gubkin: quarry, mine, Lebedinsky mining and dressing plant. I am proud of my town, because it is a centre of ferrous ore.
Words:
is washed by – омывается; a part – часть; mild – умеренный; to flow – протекать; to grow – выращивать; | places of interest – достопримечательности; quarry – карьер; mine – шахта; ferrous-ore – железная руда. |
Лексические упражнения:
1. Выберите правильный ответ:
1) a) Russia is situated in Europe.
b) Russia is situated in Asia.
c) Russia is situated in Europe and Asia.
2) a) Russia is the largest country in Europe.
b) Russia is the largest country in Asia.
c) Russia is the largest country in the world.
3) a) I live in the southern part of Russia.
b) I live in the central part of Russia.
c) I live in the northern part of Russia.
2. Установите соответствия:
1) ferrous-ore; 2) mild; 3) quarry; 4) mining; 5) ocean; 6) flow; 7) dressing; 8) grow; 9) plant. | a) умеренный; b) обогатительный; c) выращивать; d) железная руда; e) горный; f) океан; g) протекать; h) комбинат, завод; i) карьер. |
3. Дополните:
1) The ___ of Russia is about 166 million people.
2) I live in ___ ___ ___ of Russia.
3) The country ___ ___ ___ seas and oceans.
4) The central part of the country has ___ ___.
5) Oskol, Oskolets, Vorskla rivers ___ in our region.
6) Gubkin is situated ___ the river Oskolets.
7) The farmers ___ potatoes and cabbage.
4. Дайте краткий утвердительный или отрицательный ответ:
Образец: Is Russia situated in Asia? – No, it isn’t.
Do you live in Belgorod region? – Yes, I do.
1) Is the country washed by seas and oceans?
2) Is Russia the largest country in the world?
3) Are there few big forests in Belgorod region?
4) Do the farmers grow oranges and bananas in Belgorod region?
5) Is Russia situated in Asia?
6) Does the Mississippi river flow in our region?
5. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги:
1) My town is situated ___ Belgorod region.
2) I am proud ___ my town.
3) Gubkin is a centre ___ ferrous-ore.
4) The country is washed ___ seas and oceans.
5) There are many monuments ___ Gubkin.
6) I live in the central part ___ Russia.
6. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Москва расположена в центре России на реке Москва.
2) В Москве находится много достопримечательностей.
3) Я горжусь своей областью, потому что это центр горно-обогатительной промышленности.
The Town of Gubkin
Our town has 86300 inhabitants. It takes the third place by population in the region. The area of the town is 1869 hectares. On the 19th of September in 1939 the working settlement of the mine was called Gubkin.
Our town is surrounded with fields and forests. I like to feel closer to nature. My family often spends time in the open air in the country.
At the same time Gubkin has highly developed mining industry. So the population has an opportunity to earn money. I hate overcrowded cities. So I adore my small but cosy town. I have all conveniences and opportunities like in city, but I am not far from nature like in the country.
Words:
an inhabitant – житель; to take place – занимать место; an area – площадь; a settlement – поселок; is surrounded with… - окружен…; closer to nature – ближе к природе; in the open air – на свежем воздухе; in the country – в сельской местности; | at the same time – в тоже время; highly developed – высокоразвитый; to have an opportunity – иметь возможность; to earn money – зарабатывать деньги; overcrowded – перенаселенный; conveniences – удобства; far from – далеко от. |
Лексические упражнения:
1. Дополните:
1) Our town has 86300 ___.
2) The ___ of the town is 1869 hectares.
3) I like to feel ___.
4) I hate ___ cities.
5) Gubkin has ___ mining industry.
2. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги:
1) Our town takes the third place ___ population in the region
2) ___ Belgorod region.
3) I am proud ___ my town.
4) I like to feel closer ___ nature.
5) I am not ___ ___ nature like in the country.
6) ___ the same time Gubkin has highly developed mining industry.
7) My family often spends time ___ the open air ___ the country.
8) ___ the 19th ___ September ___ 1939 the working settlement ___ the mine was called Gubkin.
3. Установите соответствия:
1) hate; 2) earn; 3) area; 4) inhabitant; 5) opportunity; 6) conveniences; 7) adore; 8) surrounded; 9) settlement; 10) overcrowded. | a) житель; b) поселок; c) площадь; a) зарабатывать; b) удобства; c) переполненный; d) ненавидеть; e) возможность; f) обожать; g) окруженный. |
4. Дайте краткий утвердительный или отрицательный ответ:
Образец: Is the area of the town is 5972 hectares? – No, it is not.
Does our town have 86300 inhabitants? – Yes, it does.
1) Does my family often spend time in the open air in the country?
2) Was the working settlement of the mine called Old Oskol?
3) Do you adore overcrowded cities?
4) Is our town surrounded with fields and forests?
5) Does the population have an opportunity to earn money?
6) Was the working settlement of the mine called Gubkin on the 19th of September in 1945?
5. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Я обожаю маленькие уютные города.
2) Рабочий поселок был назван Губкин 19-го сентября 1939 года.
3) Наш город имеет высокоразвитую промышленность.
4) Население нашего города имеет возможность зарабатывать деньги.
5) Мы имеем удобства и возможности как в крупном городе.
Unit 9: Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Geographical Position & Climate
Exercise 1. Послушайте и прочитайте правильно имена собственные:
The British Isles, Europe, Great Britain, England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Irish Republic, Ben Nevis, the Highlands, the Lowlands, Snowdon, the Severn, the Irish Sea, the British people.
Exercise 2. Прочитайте следующие слова, пользуясь соответствующими правилами чтения:
[ai]
isle
island
Irish
lying
high
Highlands
lie
life
climate
[әu]
coast
know
no
low
Lowlands
Snowdon
flow
most
cold
[au]
mountain
south
southern
Exercise 3. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
North, south, west, east, northern, southern, western, eastern, north-west, north-eastern, south-west.
Text
The British Isles are a group of islands lying off the north-west coast of the continent of Europe. The largest islands are Great Britain and Ireland.
England, Wales and Scotland are in the Great Britain; Northern Ireland is situated in the north-eastern part of Ireland. The larger part of Ireland is the Irish Republic.
As you know, there are no high mountains on these islands. Ben Nevis in Scotland, the highest mountain, is 1343 metres high. The northern part of Scotland is called the Highlands, and the southern part is called the Lowlands. The highest mountain in Wales is Snowdon. It is 1085 metres high. In Ireland much of the land is low, but there are green hills and low mountains.
The British Isles have many rivers, but they are not very long. The Severn in England is the longest river. It is 350 kilometres long. It flows south-west into the Irish Sea.
There are many beautiful lakes, but no great forests on the British Isles today. The lakes are mostly in Scotland and north-west England. The sea is naturally most important to the British Isles and seaports play a great part in the life of the country.
The climate of the British Isles is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer. As a rule, there is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter, and snow never lies on the ground for long. All parts of the British Isles get a lot of rain in all seasons.
But the weather changes very often. This explains why the British people are always talking about the weather. And when they are planning to do something, they will very often say “…if it’s fine,” or “… if it’s nice weather.”
Words:
isles [ail] – остров; island ['ailәnd] – остров; to lie off [lai] – лежать к …(от чего-то); a coast [kәust] – побережье; high [hai] – высокий; mountain ['mauntәn] – гора; low [lәu] – низкий; | mostly ['mәustli] - в основном; to play a great part – играть большую роль; as a rule [rul] – как правило; to change - меняться; to explain - объяснять. |
Лексические упражнения:
1. Выберите правильный ответ:
1) a) The British Isles lie off the south-west coast of the continent of Europe.
b) The British Isles lie off the north-west coast of the continent of Europe.
c) The British Isles lie off the north-west coast of the continent of Asia.
2) a) England, Scotland and Northern Ireland are the parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
b) England, Wales and Northern Ireland are the parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
c) England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are the parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3) a) Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Great Britain.
b) Snowdon in Wales is the highest mountain in Great Britain.
c) Ben Nevis in Wales is the highest mountain in Great Britain.
4) a) The Severn in England is the longest river in Great Britain.
b) The Severn in England is the longest river in the world.
c) The Severn in Wales is the longest river in Great Britain.
2. Установите соответствия:
1) explain; 2) call; 3) coast; 4) mountain; 5) island; 6) lake; 7) east; 8) weather; 9) west; 10) lie off. | a) называть; b) запад; c) объяснять; d) озеро; e) лежать; f) погода; g) гора; h) остров; i) восток; j) побережье. |
3. Дополните:
1) The Severn in England is the longest ___ .
2) The northern part of Scotland is ___ the Highlands.
3) The ___ of the British Isles is not very cold in winter.
4) As a ___, there is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter.
5) The British people are always talking about the ___.
4. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) The Severn flows south-west ___ the Irish Sea.
a) in; b) into; c) to.
2) Seaports play a great part ___ the life of the country.
a) in; b) for; c) to.
3) There are no great forests ___ the British Isles today.
a) in; b) in the middle of; c) on.
4) Northern Ireland is situated ___ the north-eastern part of Ireland.
a) at; b) out of; c) in.
5) The British Isles are a group of islands lying ___ the north-west Europe.
a) in; b) off; c) around.
6) The sea is naturally most important ___ the British Isles.
a) with; b) for; c) to.
7) There are no high mountains ___ these islands.
a) on; b) at; c) in.
8) The climate of the British Isles is never very hot ___ summer.
a) for; b) in; c) during.
9) ___ you know, the climate of the British Isles is not very cold.
a) what; b) like; c) as.
10) The highest mountain ___ Wales is Snowdon.
a) on; b) at; c) in.
11) The British people are always talking ___ the weather.
a) of; b) about; c) around.
12) Snow never lies on the ground ___ long.
a) for; b) since; c) during.
5. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Гора Бен-Невис расположена в Шотландии.
2) Климат Великобритании умеренный.
3) Уэльс, Англия, Шотландия и Северная Ирландия - части Соединенного Королевства.
4) Моря очень важны для Великобритании и морские порты играют важную роль в жизни страны.
Population, Industry & the Cities of Great Britain
Exercise 1. Послушайте и прочитайте правильно имена собственные:
The British Isles, the United Kingdom, the English, the Scots, the Welsh, the Irish, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, London, Britain, Great Britain, Birmingham, Manchester, South Wales, North Wales, Glasgow, Belfast, Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, British.
Exercise 2. Прочитайте следующие слова, пользуясь соответствующими правилами чтения:
[i:]
at least
English
ship-building
England
sheep
wheat
steel
especially
east
[^]
country
culture
agriculture
unemployment
others
industry
industrialized
[ai]
outside
Isles
United
Irish
industrialized
highly
textile
coal-mining
mine
higher
sunshine
kind
Exercise 3. Послушайте и прочитайте правильно сложные слова:
Outside, often, call, inhabitants, nationalities, each, own, language, culture, population, Ireland, almost, area, industrial, produce, nothing, especially, industrialized, earliest, such, as, important, machines, chemicals, textile, situated, computers, unemployment, others, some, half, agriculture, higher, all, fruit,
everywhere, temperature, vegetables.
Text
People in countries outside the British Isles often call the inhabitants of the United Kingdom English. This is incorrect, for there are at least four main nationalities, the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. These four nationalities each have their own language and culture.
The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is
almost sixty million. A little more than eight million people live in the London area.
Britain is mainly an industrial country, and most of the people live in large towns. The lands which produce nothing, especially the hilly country in Northern Scotland, have almost no population.
Great Britain is highly industrialized, this was the country in which the earliest developments of modern industry took place.
London, the capital, is one of many important industrial centres. Lots of things, such as clothes, food, planes and cars are made in and around London.
Birmingham is the biggest town in an important industrial area near the centre of England. Machines, cars and lorries are made in this area. TV sets and radios are also produced there.
Manchester in the north-west of England is the centre of the cotton textile industry, one of Britain’s most important producers of computers and electronic equipment.
Coal-mining is important in South Wales, but many of the mines there have been closed. There is much unemployment in South Wales today. A smaller industrial area is situated in North Wales, where steel and chemicals are produced.
Ship-building is an important industry in the United Kingdom. The main ship-building centres are London, Glasgow in Scotland, Belfast in Northern Ireland and some others.
Sheep can be seen in many parts of England and Scotland, and there are a lot of cattle-farms and farms where milk, butter and cheese are produced. But only half of the food the country needs is produced by British agriculture.
Wheat is grown in the east of England. Vegetables are grown in all parts of England, especially in the south. Potatoes are grown everywhere on the British Isles.
Some kinds of fruit, especially apples, can grow in the south where the temperature is higher and there are more hours of sunshine than in the northern regions.
Words:
outside – за пределами;
at least – по меньшей мере;
own – собственный;
a little more than – немногим боле, чем;
to produce – производить;
especially – особенно;
industrialized – индустриализированный;
development – развитие;
lorry – грузовик;
capital – столица;
cotton – хлопок;
equipment – оборудование;
coal-mining – угледобыча;
unemployment – безработица;
steel – сталь;
chemicals – химикалии;
ship-building – судостроение;
others – другие;
cattle – крупный рогатый скот;
agriculture – сельское хозяйство;
wheat – пшеница;
everywhere – везде, повсеместно;
kinds – виды;
sunshine – солнечный свет.
Лексические упражнения:
1. Выберите правильный ответ:
1) a) People in countries outside the British Isles often call the inhabitants of the United Kingdom English. This is incorrect.
b) People in countries outside the British Isles often call the inhabitants of the United Kingdom British. This is incorrect.
c) People in countries outside the British Isles often call the inhabitants of the United Kingdom foreigners. This is incorrect.
2) a) The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is almost sixteen million.
b) The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is almost one hundred and sixty million.
c) The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is almost sixty million.
3) a) Manchester, the capital, is one of many important industrial centres.
b) Birmingham, the capital, is one of many important industrial centres.
c) London, the capital, is one of many important industrial centres.
4) a) Manchester in the north-west of England is the centre of the cotton textile industry.
b) Birmingham in the north-west of England is the centre of the cotton textile industry.
c) Manchester in the north-west of England is the centre of the ship-building.
2. Установите соответствия:
1) ship-building; 2) steel; 3) cattle; 4) especially; 5) wheat; 6) the Irish; 7) everywhere; 8) language; 9) the Scot; 10) agriculture . | a) особенно; b) сельское хозяйство; c) ирландец; d) шотландец; e) язык; f) судостроение; g) сталь; h) везде, повсеместно; i) крупный рогатый скот; j) пшеница. |
3. Дополните:
1) The population of London is about ___ million.
2) Coal-mining is important in ___.
3) Manchester is the centre of ___.
4) The main ship-building centres of Great Britain are ___.
5) ___ are made in Birmingham.
4. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) Great Britain is highly ___ country.
a) industrialized; b) fashionable; c) agricultural.
1) ___ things, such as clothes, food, planes and cars are made in and around London.
a) Few of; b) Some; c) Lots of.
3) Birmingham is ___ in the centre of England.
a) an important coal-mining centre; b) the biggest town ; c) a seaport.
4) Machines, cars and lorries are ___ in this area.
a) made; b) sold; c) exported.
5) Manchester is situated in the ___ of England.
a) north-east; b) south-west; c) north-west.
6) There is ___ unemployment in South Wales today.
a) much; b) few; c) many.
7) Steel and chemicals ___ produced in North Wales.
a) do; b) are; c) is.
8) Sheep can be seen in many parts of ___ Scotland
a) a; b) the; c) ---.
9) Wheat ___ in the east of England.
a) has grown; b) grew; c) is grown.
10) The main ship-building centres are London, Glasgow in Scotland, Belfast in Northern Ireland and ___ others.
a) different; b) some; c) any.
11) But ___ only of the food the country needs is produced by British agriculture.
a) half; b) part; c) quarter.
12) ___ can be seen in many parts of England and Scotland.
a) sheep ; b) sheeps.
5. Переведите на английский язык:
1) Жителей Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии называют британцами.
2) Все четыре национальности имеют свой собственный язык и культуру.
3) Судостроение – это важная промышленность в Соединенном Королевстве.
4) Фрукты и овощи выращивают на юге Англии, где температура выше.
5) Сталь и химикаты производят в Северном Уэльсе.
Unit 9: Соединенные Штаты Америки
The United States of America
Geographical Position & Climate
Exercise 1. Послушайте и прочитайте правильно имена собственные:
The USA, the North American continent, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Appalachian Mountains, the Cordillera, the Mississippi Valley, the Great Lakes, Canada, the Saint Lawrence River, the Great Salt Lake, the Mississippi, the Gulf of Mexico, the Colorado, the Columbia, the Hudson River, the Atlantic coast.
Exercise 2. Прочитайте следующие слова, пользуясь соответствующими правилами чтения:
[әu]
coast
ocean
over
lowland
Mexico
Colorado
flow
coldest
blowing
known
[ei]
USA
situated
Appalachian
Great
lake
Saint
main
[εә]
area
square
Cordillera
prairie
there
where
[o]
North
continent
washed
Cordillera
call
short
Lawrence
Salt
warmer
for
Exercise 3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
Is situated, is washed by, ocean, area, over, kilometres, regions, are called, prairie, valley, are joined, Saint, main, flows, Gulf, climatic, coldest, falls, subtropical, blowing, typhoons, along, around, is known, changeable, weather.
Text
The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast – by the Atlantic Ocean.
The area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres.
The continental part of the USA consists of two highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Cordillera in the west. The highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains is 2,037 metres high. The highest peak of the Cordillera in the USA is 4,418 metres.
Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains are the central lowlands, which are called the prairie, and the eastern lowlands, called the Mississippi Valley.
The five Great Lakes, between the USA and Canada, are joined together by short rivers or canals, and the Saint Lawrence River joins them to the Atlantic Ocean. In the west of the USA there is another lake called the Great Salt Lake.
The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the Colorado and the Columbia, which flow into the Pacific Ocean, the Saint Lawrence River and the Hudson River, which flow into the Atlantic Ocean.
The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The coldest regions are in the north and north-east where much snow falls in winter. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific cost is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast. The region around the Great Lakes is known for its changeable weather.
Words:
to consist of …– состоять из…;
prairie – прерия;
valley – долина;
to join – соединять;
another – другой;
several – несколько;
gulf – залив;
to blow – дуть;
changeable – изменчивый.
Лексические упражнения:
6. Выберите правильный ответ:
1) a) The USA is situated in the southern part of the North American continent.
b) The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent.
c) The USA is situated in the northern part of the North American continent.
2) a) The continental part of the USA consists of two highland regions and two lowland regions.
b) The continental part of the USA consists of a highland region and two lowland regions.
c) The continental part of the USA consists of two highland regions and a lowland region.
3) a) The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the west, and the Cordillera in the east.
b) The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Kansas in the west.
c) The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Cordillera in the west.
4) a) The Saint Lawrence River joins the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
b) The Saint Lawrence River joins the Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean.
c) The Mississippi joins the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
7. Установите соответствия:
11) consist; 12) gulf; 13) several; 14) valley; 15) changeable; 16) join; 17) blow; 18) another; 19) saint; 20) main . | k) соединять; l) другой; m) главный; n) дуть; o) святой; p) долина; q) состоять; r) несколько; s) залив; t) изменчивый. |
8. Дополните:
1) The western coast of the USA is washed by ___ and its eastern coast – by the ___.
2) The highland regions are ___ in the east, and ___ in the west.
3) The Mississippi flows into ___.
4) The Colorado and the Columbia flow into ___.
5) Hot winds blowing from ___ often bring typhoons.
9. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) The Appalachian Mountains are ___ the east of the USA.
a) in; b) at; c) to.
2) ___ the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains are the central lowlands.
a) in; b) in the middle of; c) between.
3) The five Great Lakes are joined together ___ short rivers or canals.
a) with; b) by; c) in.
4) The Saint Lawrence River joins the Great Lakes ___ the Atlantic Ocean.
a) in; b) to; c) with.
5) ___ the west of the USA there is a lake called the Great Salt Lake.
a) at; b) in; c) to.
6) The Mississippi flows ___ the Gulf of Mexico.
a) into; b) to; c) in.
7) The main rivers ___ the USA are the Mississippi, the Colorado and the Columbia, the Saint Lawrence River and the Hudson River.
a) for; b) in; c) of.
8) Hot winds blowing ___ the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons.
a) on; b) at; c) from.
9) The climate ___ the Pacific cost is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.
a) of; b) along; c) around.
10) The region ___ the Great Lakes is known for its changeable weather.
a) before; b) in front of; c) around.
10. Переведите на английский язык:
1) США расположены в центральной части Североамериканского континента.
2) Высокогорья США - это горы Аппалачи и Кордильеры.
3) Главные реки США – Миссисипи, Колорадо, Колумбия, река Святого Лаврентия и река Гудзон.
4) Пять Великих озер соединяются между собой короткими реками и каналами.
5) Жаркие ветры, которые приносят тайфуны, дуют с Мексиканского залива.
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