Изучение технологий доступа для широкополосной электросвязи (стр. 42 )

The Internet Users Society of Niue built a comprehensive network that includes solar-powered repeaters in coconut trees to give everyone on the island and its visitors’ open and free Internet access. Full Internet access from all parts of the island was an important aspect of the tourist revival scheme. A substantial portion of Niue’s tourism comes from visiting yacht traffic during the non-cyclone season. The vast wireless coverage created an even more attractive proposition for visitors. Yachts with onboard computer equipment are able to park in the harbour and access full Internet services from their vessels, free of charge. In addition, consultants and other visitors who carry laptops with WiFi capabilities are also able to connect. Through wireless broadband connectivity, Niue has become an extremely diverse communications technology home, and in turn, the island has been able to attract and generate more tourism and investment.

ANNEX IV

Definition of the Question

Question 20-2/2 – Examination of access tech­no­lo­gies for broadband communications

This study should include an economic analysis of the factors affecting the deployment of various broadband access-tech­no­lo­gies. The study should also include an examination of the benefits of using broadband tech­no­lo­gies taking into account the gender perspective.

1        Statement of problem or situation

During the Study Period 1998-2002, Study Group 2 Question 12-1/2 analysed broadband communications over traditional copper wire, or digital subscriber line (DSLN), principally because of its ability to leverage existing investments made by telecommunication administrations. Given the rapid advancement of tele­com­mu­ni­cations tech­no­lo­gies since 1998, other broadband access technologies, wired and wireless, have become available that provide similar or improved performance to DSL. Broadband tech­no­lo­gies permit the deployment of applications, such as e-health, distance learning, e-government, tele-working, public safety, national security, Internet access, and intranet access.

The ITU‑D can play a role in assisting Member States and Sector Members in understanding the appropriateness of different tech­no­lo­gies available for broadband access communications. The ITU‑D can also assist Member States and Sector Members in analyzing the economic issues involved in deploying broadband access technologies, including the integration of these access network solutions with existing or future network infrastructure.

2        Question or issue proposed for study

Identify the technical, economic, and development factors influencing the effective deployment of broadband wired and wireless access technologies and applications, with a focus on technologies and/or standards recognized or under study by the other two ITU sectors

3        Expectet Output

Taking into account the expected results from ITU‑T and ITU‑R, there will be a set of best‑practices guidelines for implementing wired and wireless broadband technologies in developing countries. The guidelines will need to take into consideration the economic and technical factors that are affecting broadband deployment, assess the requirements of developing countries for broadband implementation and focus more on the experiences of developing countries rather than developed countries as was the case from the last study period of Question 20‑1/2.

a)        Analysis of the economic, technical, regulatory and development factors influencing the effective deployment of broadband access technologies. This will also include an assessment of the demand for these technologies and applications in developing countries.

b)        A matrix of different broadband access technologies, both wired and wireless, terrestrial high‑altitude systems, including stratospheric‑based and satellite. Yearly updating of the technology matrices will be necessary, including an update of the output report of the last study period by the year 2009.

4        Timing

The work of the revised Question will commence after WTDC‑06 and continue until the next ITU‑D study period.

Proposers

Developed and developing countries.

6        Sources of Input

1)        Collection of the requirements of developing Member States through a questionnaire.

2)        An assessment of developing countries' experience with broadband access technologies, using the same questionnaire referred to above.

3)        An update of ITU‑T and ITU‑R outputs relevant to broadband access technologies.

4)        Contributions of concerned industry on the development of broadband access technologies for both wired and wireless.

5)        Contributions on economic factors relevant to the deployment of wired and wireless broadband technologies, this might include information on tariffs, equipment costs, interconnection charges, licensing fees for wireless applications, etc.

7        Target audience

Target audience	Developed countries	Developing countries	Least developed countries (LDCs)
Telecom policy‑makers	No	Yes	Yes
Telecom regulators	No	Yes	Yes
Service providers	No	Yes	Yes
Manufacturers	Yes	Yes	Yes

a)        Target audience

Users of the output will be manufacturers, operators, regulatory agencies and service providers in developing countries and LDCs.

b)        Proposed methods for the implementation of the results

To be decided during the study period.

8        Proposed methods of handling the Question

Within Study Group 2.

9        Coordination

The ITU‑D rapporteur group dealing with this Question should coordinate closely with:

9.1        ITU‑T Study Groups 13, 15, 16 and 19.

9.2        ITU‑R Study Groups 4, 6, 8 and 9.

9.3        Other relevant Questions in ITU‑D study groups.

In addition, the rapporteur group should take into consideration any relevant progress on agenda item 19 of the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC‑07) relating to “global broadband satellite systems”.

10        Other relevant information

As may become apparent within the life of this Question.

ANNEX V

Analysis of the replies to the questionnaire

Action required

Participants are invited to send their comments to BDT Secretariat by January 2004 at the latest. After inclusion of the comments received, the analysis will be finalised and put on the Study Group Web site.

Action demandйe

Les participants sont invitйs а envoyer leurs commentaires au Secrйtariat du BDT au plus tard а la fin du mois de janvier 2004. Aprиs l'insertion des commentaires reзus, l'analyse sera dйfinitivement mise au point et affichйe sur le site web de la Commission d'йtudes.

Acciуn requerida

Se invita a los participantes a que envнen sus comentarios a la Secretarнa de la BDT en enero de 2004 a mбs tardar. Una vez incluidos los comentarios que se reciban se harб el correspondiente anбlisis, que se comunicarб en el sitio web de la Comisiуn de Estudio.

Abstract

The contribution is the draft analysis of the replies to the Questionnaire sent on broadband communications. It has been prepared by a BDT external expert121.

CONTENTS OF ANNEX V

List of Figures

Introduction

Methodology

Technology

Competition

Access

Service pricing and usage

Barriers to Broadband Access Deployment

Quality of Service

Miscellaneous

List of Tables

Table 1 –        Respondent Countries

Table 2 –        Other tech­no­lo­gies employed by respondent countries to deliver broadband services

Table 3 –        Respondent countries with competition in local loop

Table 4 –        Respondent countries without competition in the local loop

Table 5 –        Gender barriers to adoption of broadband

Table 6 –        Average prices for both dial up and broadband services on an ITU regional basis

Table 7 –        Common Usage pricing models

Table 8 –        Countries without loans or financial assistance for the deployment of broadband services

List of Figures

Figure 1        –        Wireline Technologies utilized to provide broadband services

Figure 2        –        Wireless tech­no­lo­gies utilized to provide broadband services        

Figure 3        –        No. Operators offering high speed internet services

Figure 4        –        Percentage of Operators offering DSL connections

Figure 5        –        Percentage of operators offering cable connections

Figure 6a        –        Percentage of operators offering wireless connections

Figure 6b        –        Percentage of operators offering other broadband connection tech­no­lo­gies.