What is the principle of sublay technic of the hernioplasty of postoperative hernia (стр. 15 )

B. Obstructive bronchitis

C. Pulmonary embolism

D. Bronchial asthma

E. Pulmonary emphysema

ANSWER: A

What is the characteristic feature of achalasia of the cardia?

A. Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

B. Spasm of the lower esophageal sphincter

C. Cicatrical changes after the burn

D. Anorexia

E. Esophageal gaping

ANSWER: A

What is the characteristic feature of the II stage of achalasia?

A. Constant spasm with a moderate esophageal dilation and maintained peristalsis

B. Asymptomatic

C. Functional spasm without esophageal dilation

D. Cicatrical changes with expressed esophageal dilation, the peristalsis is absent

E. Considerable esophageal dilation with S-shaped elongation.

ANSWER: A

What is the characteristic feature of the III stage of achalasia?

A. Cicatrical changes with expressed esophageal dilation, the peristalsis is absent

B. Asymptomatic

C. Functional spasm without esophageal dilation

D. Constant spasm with a moderate esophageal dilation and maintained peristalsis

E. Considerable esophageal dilation with S-shaped elongation.

ANSWER: A

What is the characteristic feature of the IV stage of achalasia?

A. Considerable esophageal dilation with S-shaped elongation.

B. Cicatrical changes with expressed esophageal dilation, the peristalsis is absent

C. Asymptomatic

D. Functional spasm without esophageal dilation

E. Constant spasm with a moderate esophageal dilation and maintained peristalsis

ANSWER: A

What is the chief clinical manifestation of hemothorax?

A. Clinic of internal bleeding

B. Pain

C. Vomiting

D. Hemoptysis

E. Intoxication

ANSWER: A

What is the chief clinical manifestation of pneumothorax?

A. Chest pain

B. Vomiting

C. Hemoptysis

D. Melena

E. Heart failure

ANSWER: A

What is the chief clinical manifestations of reflux-esophagitis?

A. Heartburn

B. Achalasia

C. Dysphagia

D. Vomiting

E. Coughing

ANSWER: A

What is the chief manifestation of valvular pneumothorax?

A. Shock

B. Vomiting

C. Melena

D. Hemoptysis

E. Heart failure

ANSWER: A

What is the first aid in closed pneumothorax?

A. It doesn't require first aid measures

B. Pleural drainage

pression bandage with closure of the wound

D. Artificial respiration

E. Intubation

ANSWER: A

What is the I degree of esophageal burns?

perficial burn with the damage of epithelial layer of esophagus;

B. The burn with the damage of entire mucosa of esophagus;

C. The burn damage of all layers of esophagus;

D. The spread of postburn necrosis on paraesophageal tissue and adjacent organs.

E. Asymptomatic

ANSWER: A

What is the I stage of dysphagia?

A. Disturbances of solid food passage

B. Asymptomatic

C. Disturbances of semisolid food passage

D. Disturbances of liquid food passage

E. No passage of food

ANSWER: A

What is the I stage of lung abscess?

A. Necrotic pneumonia

B. Asymptomatic

C. Destruction and rejection

D. Cleaning and cicatrization

E. Gangrenous

ANSWER: A

What is the I stage of morphological changes of esophageal burns?

A. Stage of acute esophagitis

B. Asymptomatic

C. Stage of chronic esophagitis

D. Stage of cicatrical stricture of esophagus

E. Stage of late complications

ANSWER: A

What is the II degree of esophageal burns?

A. The burn with the damage of entire mucosa of esophagus;

perficial burn with the damage of epithelial layer of esophagus;

C. The burn damage of all layers of esophagus;

D. The spread of postburn necrosis on paraesophageal tissue and adjacent organs.

E. Asymptomatic

ANSWER: A

What is the II stage of dysphagia?

A. Disturbances of semisolid food passage

B. Asymptomatic

C. Disturbances of solid food passage

D. Disturbances of liquid food passage

E. No passage of food

ANSWER: A

What is the II stage of lung abscess?

A. Destruction and rejection

B. Asymptomatic

C. Necrotic pneumonia

D. Cleaning and cicatrization

E. Gangrenous

ANSWER: A

What is the II stage of morphological changes of esophageal burns?

A. Stage of chronic esophagitis

B. Asymptomatic

C. Stage of acute esophagitis

D. Stage of cicatrical stricture of esophagus

E. Stage of late complications

ANSWER: A

What is the III degree of esophageal burns?

A. The burn damage of all layers of esophagus;

perficial burn with the damage of epithelial layer of esophagus;

C. The burn with the damage of entire mucosa of esophagus;

D. The spread of postburn necrosis on paraesophageal tissue and adjacent organs.

E. Asymptomatic

ANSWER: A

What is the III stage of dysphagia?

A. Disturbances of liquid food passage

B. Asymptomatic

C. Disturbances of solid food passage

D. Disturbances of semisolid food passage

E. No passage of food

ANSWER: A

What is the III stage of lung abscess?

A. Cleaning and cicatrization

B. Asymptomatic

C. Necrotic pneumonia

D. Destruction and rejection

E. Gangrenous

ANSWER: A

What is the III stage of morphological changes of esophageal burns?

A. Stage of cicatrical stricture of esophagus

B. Asymptomatic

C. Stage of acute esophagitis

D. Stage of chronic esophagitis

E. Stage of late complications

ANSWER: A

What is the indication for conservative treatment of bifurcational diverticula?

A. Asymptomatic course

B. Frequently recurrent diverticulites

C. Perforation

D. Esophago-bronchial fistula

spicion on malignancy

ANSWER: A

What is the indication for conservative treatment of bifurcational diverticula?

A. Asymptomatic course

B. Frequently recurrent diverticulites

C. Perforation

D. Esophago-bronchial fistula

spicion on malignancy

ANSWER: A

What is the indication for operative treatment of acute abscess of lungs?

A. Pulmonary bleeding of ІІ - ІІІ degree

B. Decompensation of the vital organs

C. Bilateral purulent destruction of lungs

D. Incurable malignant tumours

E. Pulmonary hypertension

ANSWER: A

What is the IV degree of esophageal burns?

A. The spread of postburn necrosis on paraesophageal tissue and adjacent organs.

perficial burn with the damage of epithelial layer of esophagus;

C. The burn with the damage of entire mucosa of esophagus;

D. The burn damage of all layers of esophagus;

E. Asymptomatic

ANSWER: A

What is the IV stage of dysphagia?

A. No passage of food

B. Asymptomatic

C. Disturbances of solid food passage

D. Disturbances of semisolid food passage

E. Disturbances of liquid food passage

ANSWER: A

What is the IV stage of morphological changes of esophageal burns?

A. Stage of late complications

B. Asymptomatic

C. Stage of acute esophagitis

D. Stage of chronic esophagitis

E. Stage of cicatrical stricture of esophagus

ANSWER: A

What is the late complication of chest trauma?

A. Pleural empyema

B. Pneumothorax

C. Hemothorax

D. Mediastinal emphysema

E. Traumatic shock, asphyxia

ANSWER: A

What is the lung abscess characterized by?

A. Purulent destruction of pulmonary tissue within 1 segment with formation of cavity, filled by pus

B. Multiple destructive foci 0,3-0,5 cm in size within 1-2 segments of lungs

C. Purulent, necrosis of a pulmonary tissue within 2-3 segments, detached from adjacent pulmonary parenchyma

D. Diffuse purulent, ichorous necrosis more than lobe without the tendency to defined demarcation

E. Accumulation of pus in a pleural cavity

ANSWER: A

What is the lung gangrene characterized by?

A. Diffuse purulent, ichorous necrosis more than lobe without the tendency to defined demarcation

B. Multiple destructive foci 0,3-0,5 cm in size within 1-2 segments of lungs

C. Purulent destruction of pulmonary tissue within 1 segment with formation of cavity, filled by pus

D. Purulent, necrosis of a pulmonary tissue within 2-3 segments, detached from adjacent pulmonary parenchyma

E. Accumulation of pus in a pleural cavity

ANSWER: A

What is the main clinical manifestation of the esophageal burn of severe degree?

A. Clinic of shock

B. Clinic of reflux-esophagitis

C. Clinic of acute abdomen

D. Clinic of hepatic insufficiency

E. Clinic of respiratory insufficiency

ANSWER: A

What is the main method of diagnostic of esophageal achalasia?

A. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

B. Pleural punctere

C. Ultrasound examination

D. Plain X-ray examination of the chest

E. Irrigoscopy

ANSWER: A

What is the main method of diagnostic of esophageal diverticula?

A. X-ray examination with barium swallow

B. Pleural punctere

C. Ultrasound examination

D. Plain X-ray examination of the chest

E. Irrigoscopy

ANSWER: A

What is the main method of diagnostic of esophageal stricture?

A. X-ray examination with barium swallow

B. General blood analysis

C. Ultrasound examination

D. Plain X-ray examination of the chest

E. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ANSWER: A

What is the main method of lung abscess sanation?

A. Microtracheostomy

B. Transpleural

C. Transesophageal

D. Endovascular

E. Thoracotomy

ANSWER: A

What is the main objective manifestation of epiphrenal diverticula?

A. Signs of achalasia

B. Cyanosis of the upper part of body

pressible mass on the left side of the neck

D. Esophago-bronchial fistula with aspiration pneumonia

E. Lung atelectasis

ANSWER: A

What is the main objective manifestation of Zenker's diverticula?

pressible mass on the left side of the neck

B. Signs of achalasia

C. Cyanosis of the upper part of body

D. Esophago-bronchial fistula with aspiration pneumonia

E. Lung atelectasis

ANSWER: A

What is the main prophylaxis of esophageal stricture after the chemical burn?

A. Esophageal bougienage

B. Spasmolytics

C. Parenteral feeding

D. Pneumocompression

E. Gastrostomy

ANSWER: A

What is the main treatment of chronic lung abscess?

A. Pneumonectomy, bilobectomy, lobectomy

B. Draining of a pleural space