Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации (стр. 18 )

... electrical charge is extremely difficult to store in large amounts, you can't just charge up huge batteries. So we use an innovative technique to store up power potential during off-peak periods.

Why do you think this is such a major issue for power stations? Can you suggest what innovative technique is used to solve the problem?

8.27 Ω Helen goes on to describe the solution to the problem. Listen to the talk and make notes on pumped storage.

8.28  Prepare a short talk on the operation of a pumped storage hydroelectric power station for visitors to the power generation company. Use your notes from Exercise 8.27 and the words in the box. Student A, you are an electrical engineer; Student B, you are a visitor on a tour of the plant. In pairs, give your talk and ask and answer questions. Swap roles and practice again.

Gravity

high level

low level

mountain

pumps

reservoir

turbines

Giving approximate figures

8.29 Read the email extract and answer the following questions.

Who do you think sent the email? What is their role within the company? What type of review is the company going to undertake? What is the objective of the review?

To: Gerry Klein

Subject: Internal review

Dear colleagues,

As you know, we are preparing to undertake a comprehensive internal review of the company's organisation and facilities. A key area of this review will be to assess how efficiently your engineering expertise is being utilised. I would emphasise that the aim of this assessment is not to question your professional competence. On the contrary, I and the company's new shareholders recognise the high degree of technical expertise within the organisation. Our intention is to work towards optimising this valuable resource by identifying the demands on your time that are largely unproductive (such as administrative tasks) in order to allow your skills to be used more productively.

8.30 The following extract is from a questionnaire used in the review which was sent to staff in the company's design department. Read the questionnaire and match each question (1-3) to points (a-c).

Approximately what percentage of your time do you spend on the types of task below? For each question, the sum of values given for A + В should equal 100%.
1	A	Doing technical tasks that use my engineering skills extensively %
B	Doing moderately technical tasks that a less qualified colleague could do %
2	A	Doing technical tasks that add value (e. g. designing, problem-solving) %
B	Doing tasks that do not add value (e. g. administration) %
3	A	Doing tasks that are purely technical %
B	Doing tasks that relate to technical organization and decision-making %

a The extent of technical role versus management role  ___________.

b The degree of commercial exploitation of technical skills ____________.

с The degree of application of expertise and experience ____________.

8.31 Complete the following sentences using the words or phrases in the box. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

ballpark figure	off the top of my head	nowhere near	roughly
pretty much	somewhere in the region of

They asked for a ballpark figure for setting up the new system.

I've got the figures in my computer, but I couldn't tell you ________ .

The work is ___________ finished, there's just the tidying up to do.

A The actual cost of the stadium was _____ the estimate at $ 2m over budget.

I think it'll take ________  two weeks to complete the report.

The development will cost _______ $ 10m.

8.32 Ω As part of the company's internal review, an assessment is being made of the hardware and software that make up the firm's Computer Aided Design (CAD) system. Dan, a design engineer, is talking to Beatrice, his manager, about the state of the system. Listen and mark the following statements True (T) or False (F).

Most of the screens are too small.

Engineers spend a lot of time working on screen.

Large numbers of drawings are printed at their office.

8.33 Find words and phrases in the dialogue to match the following definitions (1-5)

1. approximately/ __________

2. much more than/ ___________

3. at least /  ____________ (two thirds)

4. most/__________

5. almost zero/ ___________

Beatrice: At this stage, I’m not asking you to give me a detailedbreakdown of all the IT equipment we’re going to need. It would just be useful to have a rough idea of what’s most urgent.

Dan: Sure. Well, one of the biggest problems is the screens at the CAD stations. A lot of those need replacing with bigger ones. Roughly speaking, I’d say well over half of them are too small. A good two thirds of them, actually. So, we’re talking about 15 to 18 screens, sometjing like that.

Beatrice: OK. How urgent is that?

Dan: Well, I mean they all work, they all function properly. The trouble is the engineers spend the vast majority of their time working with these screens. And because the detail on them is so small, it’s pretty hard work on the eyes, to the point that it affects productivity so …

Beatrice: OK. And what about the big printer in here? I’ve heard it’s a bit of a dinosaur.

Dan: Well, it is, but it works perfectly well, and we print next to nothing with it, anyway. Most of the drawings are printed at the factory.

Beatrice: Oh.

8.34 Complete the following replies to express the figures in approximate terms using the words in Exercises 8.31 and 8.33. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1. How old is this equipment? A good five years old. (at least 5 years)

2. What percentage of the PCs need changing? ________ all of them. (95%)

3. How many of the computers are up to spec? _________all of them. (70%)

4. How many of the staff use the CAD system? _________half of them. (55%)

5. How much would the new printers cost? ________ $2,000. ($ 3,120)

6. How much does an adapter like this cost? ________($2)

7. How long would a full system take to install? ________5 days. (4-6 days)

8. Can most of our clients read these files? Yes, ________ of them. (95%)

8.35 You are setting up a small company of consulting engineers employing seven members of staff - five engineers and two assistants. You need to rent an office, equip it with a computer network with CAD system and admin software, and buy other basic office equipment. In pairs, discuss some ballpark figures relating to the following questions.

What computer equipment will be required and how much will it cost to buy? What other items of furniture/equipment will be needed, and how much will this cost? How much floor space will be required in the open-plan office? How long will it take to set up the office - install the furniture and equipment?

9 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

9.1 Study the following professional terms

Study the professional terms

site	стройплощадка; место (для строительства)
assembly	сборная конструкция; сборка, монтаж
feat	мастерство, умение
multitasking	многозадачность, многозадачная работа, многозадачный режим
construction manager	руководитель строительных работ
project manager	руководитель проекта; главный инженер проекта
design engineer	инженер по строительным конструкциям, инженер-конструктор
compliance	согласие; соответствие
delays	простой рабочего времени
legal considerations	юридически действительное встречное удовлетворение
occupancy permit	разрешение на ввод дома в эксплуатацию
building permit	разрешение на строительство; строительная лицензия
collapse	авария, выход из строя; крушение
cost overruns	перерасход средств
review	рассматривать, изучать
require	требовать
ensure	обеспечивать, гарантировать

9.2 Read the text

       In general, there are three types of construction:

Building construction

Heavy/civil construction

Industrial construction

       Each type of construction project requires a unique team to plan, design, construct, and maintain the project.

       In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure on a site or sites. Although this may be thought of as a single activity, in fact construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the construction manager, supervised by the project manager, design engineer or project architect. While these people work in offices, every construction project requires a large number of laborers, carpenters, and other skilled tradesmen to complete the physical task of construction.

       For the successful execution of a project effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, availability of materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays, preparing tender documents, etc.