Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации (стр. 24 )

Price - 1) цена (for): at a price - по дорогой цене, дорого, to bring / com­mand / fetch / get a high price - продаваться по высокой цене, to cut / bring down / mark down / lower / reduce prices - понижать цены, to fix / set prices - установить цены, to freeze prices - замораживать цены, to hike / increase / mark up / raise prices - повышать цены, to maintain prices - удерживать цены на одном уровне, to hold down / keep down price - не допускать роста цен, prices drop / fall / go down / slump - происходит резкое падение цен, prices go up / rise / shoot up / skyrocket - цены резко возрастают, to quote a price - назначать цену, to be a price leader - диктовать цены, bargain price - договорная цена, buying / purchase price - покупная цена, cost price - себестоимость, market price - рыночная цена, retail price - розничная цена, wholesale price - оптовая цена, stiff prices - жесткие, устойчивые цены. Syn: worth, value

Volatility 1) изменчивость, непостоянство, нестабильность (напр., в характере потребительского спроса) 2) , волатильность(фин.)

Imbalance 1) отсутствие или нарушение равновесия 2) несоответствие 3) дефицит баланса - imbalance in trade (syn: discrepancy, disequilibrium)

Employment 1) применение, использование, служба, занятие 2) занятость (рабочей силы), full employment полная занятость (занятость всех трудовых и капитальных ресурсов, которые могут быть задействованы в функционировании экономической системы; часто данный термин означает трудоустройство всех желающих иметь работу при данной ставке зарплаты; современная концепция полной занятости предполагает наличие естественного уровня безработицы), full employment level — уровень полной занятости

Capital 1. adj.1) главный, основной 2) капитальный 3) превосходный

2.  n.1) капитал, основной капитал 2) ценные бумаги 3) акционерный капитал 4) основная сумма 5) капиталисты, класс капиталистов (только с определенным артиклем)

13.5 Match the economic terms with their Russian equivalents

international financial markets	краткосрочный приток капитала
foreign capital flows	цены на фондовой бирже
medium-term financial stability	полная занятость
open-economic paradigm	политика регулирования процентных и валютных ставок
monetary and interest rate policy	внешние расчеты
external payments	резервы в иностранной валюте
exchange rates	курсы валют, биржевой курс
full employment	внешние валютные ограничения
macroeconomic stability	стабильный рост
foreign exchange restrictions	глобальная экономическая политика
foreign exchange reserves	модель рыночной экономики
steady growth	передвижение иностранного капитала, поток/приток капитала
macroeconomic policies	макроэкономический менеджмент
short-term capital flows	среднесрочная финансовая стабильность
macroeconomic management	устойчивость макроэкономики
capital and currency markets	международные финансовые рынки
stock market prices	устойчивые цены
stable prices	фондовый и валютный рынки

13.6 Read the text and make a summary

Buyers would rather pay less than more, and sellers would rather get more than less. When buyers control the market, the price tends to be rela­tively lower - good for buyers, bad for sellers. When sellers control the market, the price tends to be relatively higher - good for sellers, bad for buyers.

Usually buyers have a maximum price that they are willing and able to pay for a good. This maximum can be called the demand price. Buyers would rather pay a lower price than a higher one. If fact, buyers would be just as happy if they could buy a good at a price of zero, or nothing. Usually, sellers are willing and able to supply a good if the price is enough to cover their production cost. This minimum can be called the supply price. In gen­eral, if the price is too low and does not give sellers enough revenue to cover cost, then they can't supply the good. Of course, suppliers will occasionally sell goods at a price less than cost, and eat the loss. This practice, however, won't keep them in business very long. Sellers are more than thrilled if the price is above the production cost. The higher the price, the more ecstatic are the sellers. In fact, there is no limit as to how ecstatic sellers would like to be. The market control results from the number of competitors in the market. If buyers have fewer competitors than the sellers, they tend to have relatively more market control. If sellers have fewer competitors than the buyers, they tend to have relatively more market control.

13.7 Match English and Russian equivalents

Russian	English
валовой внутренний продукт	overheated economy
потребительские расходы	public saving
перегретая экономика	rate of economic growth
текущая ценность	social benefits
уровень безработицы	Gross National Product
темпы экономического роста	consumption spending
акции высокодоходных компа­ний	medium of exchange
норма обязательных резервов	Gross Domestic Product
общественные сбережения	transaction costs
совокупный спрос	blue chips
валовой национальный продукт	labour force
невидимая рука рынка	required reserve ratio
операционные издержки	invisible hand of the market
средства обращения	present value
социальные трансфертные вы­платы	aggregate demand
рабочая сила	prate of unemployment

13.8 Answer the questions to the text in Exercise

What is the problem developing countries face with? Why did many developing countries make the transition toward an open-economic paradigm? What is the role of globalization in macroeconomics?

13.9 Read the text and complete the missing words from the box.

approach

debates

models

version

analysis

Recent years have witnessed a shift in international macroeconomic the­
ory, with the development of a modelling ______         that widely has become known as the New Open Economy Macroeconomics. There are a number of _______within this literature. Resolution of these theoretical ________is hampered by the fact that while the theoretical literature on New Open Economy Macro­economics has grown rapidly, the empirical literature has lagged far behind.

To date there is no work that tests New Open Economy_____        , or compares one ______to another. While earlier generations of international _______were suc­
cessfully evaluated using present value tests, this cannot accommodate the more complex____of the recent generation. Without empirical testing, it is difficult to know which        is preferable. And more generally, it is im­possible to say whether the overall_____of the New Open Economy Macro­economics is sufficiently accurate as a characterization of reality that it can be used reliably for policy ______.

Translate the sentences
Now nobody is surprised at macroeconomics being reliably used for
policy analysis. Creating a new economic paradigm became a necessity when the tra­
ditional approach failed to explain the complexities of modern economy. After aggregating the households, business firms, government and
private sector, one can proceed with the microeconomic analysis. There is a lot of evidence of New Economic Models being tested or
compared. The perspective of underdeveloped nations forming an economic al­
liance is unbelievable. "I  do  not  mind  you  paying  the  total  sum  in  forty  monthly
instalments," agreed the salesman. Specialists intend to organise their considerable resources in an effort to
prevent data from being taken from International Financial Statistics. More money going to the underdeveloped nations will only make
things worth. The task put forward before the commission was creating a new indus­
trial index that could serve as an average for various industries.

10. The chairman regretted the foreign delegates' arriving too late to par­ticipate in the discussion.

By bringing European countries together the common market cons
tributes to their individual progress in social spheres. His immediately demanding our withdrawal proved the impossibility
of reaching a compromise.

13.11 Match synonymous terms from the columnsand and write them down

Cost	administration
growth	expenditure
benefit	merchandise
equilibrium	increase
good	value
consumption	income
management	stability

13.12 Read and translate the following quotations concerning economy

Patriotism is no substitute for the sound currency.

(Grover Cleveland)

Unfortunately, good economics is not always perceived to be good

politics.

(William Simon)

It needs to be said that the poor are poor because they do not have

enough money.

(Keith Joseph)

There is no such thing as a good tax.

(Winston Churchill)

There are only two guarantees in life - death and taxes.

(Unknown)

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1 Mark Ibbotson, Cambridge English for Engineering, Cambridge, Professional English, 2004

2 Миньяр-, Миньяр-, Английский язык. Учебник устного перевода: Учебник для вузов /— М.: Изда­тельство «Экзамен», 2003

3 , , Английский язык. Для студентов экономических факультетов. Учебное пособие. Кафедра английского языка РГГУ - Москва, -издат, 2003