Деловой иностранный язык (английский) факультатив (стр. 16 )

A first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. First-line managers spend most of their time working with employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems. Most first-line managers are former operating employees who, owing to their hard work and potential, were promoted into management. Many of today's middle and top managers began their careers on this first management mon titles for first-line managers include office manager, supervisor, foreman and project manager.

The most common areas of management are finance, operations, marketing, human resources, administration and so on.

A financial manager is primarily responsible for the organization's financial resources. Accounting and investment are specialized areas within financial management. Because financing affects the operation of the entire firm, many of the managers of the largest companies are people who got their "basic training" as fi­nancial managers.

An operations manager creates and manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services. Traditionally, operations management is equated with the production of goods. However, in recent years many of the techniques and procedures of operations management have been applied to the production of services and to a variety of non-business activities. Like financial management, operations management has produced a good percentage of today's company managers.

A marketing manager is responsible for the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Specific areas within marketing are marketing research, advertising, promotion, sales, and distribution.

A human resources manager is in charge of the organization's human resources programs. He or she engages in human resources planning, design systems for hiring, training, and ap­praising the performance of employees, and ensures that the or­ganization follows government regulations concerning employment practices.

An administrative manager (also called a general manager) is not associated with any specific functional area but provides overall administrative leadership. A hospital administrator is a good example of an administrative manager. He or she does not specialize in operations, finance, marketing, or human resources management but instead coordinates the activities of specialized managers in all these areas.

Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An account­ing department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firm's financial con­dition. Accounting records give very important data. It's used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.

Accountants are to determine the ways in which the business may grow in future. No expansion or reorganization is planned without the help of the accountant. New products and advertising campaigns are also prepared with the help of the accountant.

Chief accountants of the company are involved in the control of the financial or business side. The job isn't the most popular one. It's a complicated job and there are no fewer than six divisions in this department to cope with it

Book-keepers deal in taxes, cash flow, sales, purchases and different busi­ness transactions of the company. Book-keepers first record all the appropriate figures in the books of original entry or journals. At the end of a period - usually a month - the totals of each book of original entry are posted into the proper page of the ledger. The ledger shows all the expenditures and all the earnings of the company. On the basis of all the total of each account in the ledger the book-keeper prepares a trial balance. Trial balances are usually drawn up every quarter and interpret the data in the ledger and the trial balance.

The chief accounting officer of a large company is the controller. Controllers are responsible for measuring the company's performance. They interpret the results of the operations, plan and recommend future action. This position is very close to the top executives of the company.

Auditors are usually independent certified accountants who review the financial records of a company. These reviews are called audits. They are usually performed at fixed intervals - quarterly, semiannually or annually. Auditors are employed either regularly or on a part-time basis. Auditors see that current transactions are recorded promptly and completely.

The economist has a vital role to play in two distinct areas of the decision-making process. First he has a contribution to make in evaluating prospects in the economy generally and in particular industries. The data he collects and the forecasts he makes will determine which options are taken, and which directions the investment flows take within the overall system. It is logical that the economist who is concerned with the allocation of scarce resources should have a role to play in discussing both the range of options and the pros and cons of such options.

The second area of interest for the economist is related to the economy’s growth, which is tied up with savings and investment, the distribution of profits to shareholders. Operations can be viewed as a microcosm of what is happening in the economy at large, whether factors are related to economic growth, and are therefore of concern to the economist.

Post-reading activities

Exercise I. Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer

Practical application of knowledge in the management area requires certain abilities or skills advisors hard work A very large organization may employ many managers, each responsible for particular areas of management activities of one management all levels and areas of management Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals profit high productivity Top managers are generally responsible for solving day-to-day problems coordinating and supervising the activities of first-line managers organization’s planning and developing its mission Middle managers develop tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures the firm’s strategy and its major policies. the activities of operating employees Most first-line managers are former operating employees, who were appointed by the chief executive officer owing to their hard work and potential, were promoted into management were elected at the Board of directors

Exercise II. Match the parts of the sentences

A financial manager An operations manager A marketing manager A human resources manager An administrative manager is in charge of the organization’s human resources programs creates and manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services provides overall administrative leadership is primarily responsible for the organization’s financial resources is responsible for the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients

Exercise III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or word combi­nation from the text.

1. Each organization can be represented as a three-story struc­ture or... .

2. There are three general levels of management: top managers, . . .  managers and  . . .  managers.

3. A top manager  . ..  and  ...  the overall functions of the organization.

4. Top managers also  ...  the firm's strategy and define its

major....

5. A middle manager... the strategy and major policies hand­ed down from the top level of the organization.

6. Middle managers  .. .  tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures.

7. They also coordinate and supervise the... of first-line man­agers.

8. A first-line manager is a manager who  ...  and supervises the activities of operating employees.

9. First-line managers spend most of their time working with..., answering questions, and  ...  day-to-day problems.

Exercise IV. Translate into English.

1. Существует три основных уровня управления (менедж­мента): высший менеджмент, менеджмент среднего зве­на и менеджмент первого звена.

2. Высшие менеджеры направляют и контролируют общую деятельность организации, они определяют стратегию и основную политику фирмы.

3. Высшими менеджерами организации являются директор (менеджер), вице-директор, главный исполнительный дирек­тор и члены совета директоров.

4. Менеджер среднего звена реализует стра­тегию и основную политику, спускаемые с верхнего уров­ня организации.

5. Средними менеджерами организации являются руково­дитель подразделения, начальник отдела, директор заво­да и директор производства.

6. Менеджер первого звена следит за деятельностью неуп­равленческих служащих и координирует ее.

7. Менеджерами первого звена являются инспектор, мас­тер, руководитель отдела, руководитель проекта.

8. Менеджеры первого звена работают с неуправленчески­ми работниками и решают повседневные проблемы.

9. Самыми обычными сферами управления являются фи­нансы, производственные операции, маркетинг, людские ресурсы и администрирование.

10. Заведующий финансами прежде всего отвечает за финансовые ресурсы организации.

11. Традиционно  деятельность управляющего производством ассоциируется (is equated) с производством товаров.

12. Однако в последние годы управление производством от­носится к производству услуг и к деятельности, не связанной с бизнесом.

13. Управляющий маркетингом ответственен за обмен продукцией между организацией и ее постоянными покупателями  или клиентами.

14. Управляющий человеческими ресурсами занимается (charges in) наймом, обучением и оценкой деятельности работни­ков.

16. Административный руководитель осуществляет общее административное руководство, и он не связан с какой-либо конкретной функциональной сферой.

Exercise V. Answer the questions.

1. What are the levels of management?

2. What are the common titles associated with top manage­ment?