Young children and not so young can concentrate only for short periods of time. Change activities every 20-25 minutes. Use visual aids while teaching.
Call on many children to answer or to ask questions. Involved children have less time for «fooling around». Encourage children.
Remember to keep your voice at a normal level. Do not shout to be heard. If there is noise, stop speaking and wait.
Realize that a classroom must not always be silent. There is «good noise» when children are working together solving problems, talking in discussion groups.
I. V.KURCHATOV
I. Read the text:
1. Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov was a prominent Russian Soviet scientist.
2. He was born on the 12th of January, 1903 in the Urals.
3. Kurchatov graduated from the University in the Crimea.
4. In 1925 he started his scientific career in the Leningrad Physicotechnical Institute under academician F: Yoffe.
5. He carried out experimental work on dielectrics and ferro-electricity.
7. Kurchatov began his nuclear physics work in the 1930's.
8. In 1931 he made some important discoveries in the field of artificial radioisotopes.
9. In 1935 Kurchatov achieved a world reputation with the publication of a book on the problem of the atom.
10. Then he was appointed director of the Nuclear Physics Laboratory at the Institute in Leningrad.
11. Kurchatov and his colleagues have built the first two cyclotrons.
12. During the Second World War Kurchatov used his energy and experience for the defence of his country.
13. The first Soviet nuclear reactors were constructed under his guidance.
14. Kurchatov strove to extend research connected with peaceful use of nuclear power.
15. Using his experience and knowledge he contributed to the construction of the world's first industrial nuclear-power plant.
16. Kurchalov was very busy with his work, but he found time for active social activities.
17. He was very popular with the people.
18. Up to his death in 1960 Kurchatov permanently headed the Institute of Atomic Power.
19. The Soviet government highly valued exceptional qualities of the scientist.
20. Academician I. V. Kurchatov was the State and Lenin prize-winner; three times he was awarded the title of the Hero of Socialist Labour.
II. Pronounce correctly and translate into Russian:
prominent scientist; the Urals; Crimea; academician; dielectric; nuclear physics work; discoveries; in the field of artificial radioisotopes; cyclotrons; energy and experience; under his guidance; nuclear power; knowledge; nuclear power plant; active; social activities; permanently headed; exceptional qualities.
Ш. Give English equivalents to the following words and expressions:
выдающийся; научная деятельность; под руководством академика; приобрел всемирную известность; первые два советских циклотрона; мирное использование атома; активная общественная деятельность; бессменно возглавлял; используя свой опыт и знания; был занят работой.
IV. Read the dates:
the 12th of January; 1903; 1925; 1931; 1933; 1960.
V. Answer the questions:
1. Where and when was I. V Kurchatov born?
2. What did he graduate from?
3. When did I. V. Kurchatov start his scientific career?
4. What problem did Kurchatov publish his first book on?
5. When did he achieve a world reputation?
6. What can you say about the social activity of I. V. Kurchatov?
7. How did the government value exceptional qualities of the prominent scientist?
VI. Do you know that:
... V Kurchatov had a great sense of humour and liked to play jokes on his friends; ... his nickname was «Beard»:
… the first nuclear reactor in Europe was constructed in 1946 at the Institute, headed by Kurchatov;
... the first industrial power plant began its work on the 27th of June, 1954, in Obninsk. Kurchatov's dream of peaceful use of nuclear power came true;
... 104th element of Mendeleyev's Periodic Table was named Kurchatovy.
K. A.TIMIRYAZEV
I. Read the text.
1. Kliment Arkadyevitch Timiryazev belongs to the most popular and respected scientists of Russia.
2. He was born in Petersburg on the 3rd of June, 1843.
3. His parents were well educated and progressive people of that time.
4. They influenced greatly his education and outlook.
5. In 1868 Kliment Timiryazev graduated from Petersburg University.
6. The same year he made a report on his experiments in the field of air nutrition of plants at the 1st Congress of Naturalists in Petersburg.
7. For about 2 years Timiryazev worked abroad in the laboratories of famous scientists.
8. In 1870 he returned to Russia and became the head of the Chair of Botany of Petrovskaya Academy,
9. Kliment Arkadyevitch was very popular with the students.
10. As a scientist, Timiryazev was the researcher, who devoted his whole life to solving the problem of air nutrition of plants.
11. This problem the problem of photosynthesis is very important.
12. It is connected with the existence of life on the Earth.
13. His books «The Life of Plants», «Charles Darwin and His Teaching», «The Historical Method in Biology» and many others have been published in many countries.
14. Timiryazev is one of the most outstanding theoreticians and followers of Darwin.
15. He was one of the greatest historians of science of life.
16. His work «The Main Achievements in Botany at the Beginning of the 20th Century» is considered to be the masterpiece indeed.
17. K. A. Timiryazev died on the 28th of April, 1920.
18. A monument to the great scientist was erected in Moscow.
19. Many educational establishments bear the name of K. A. Timiryazev.
20. Among them is the oldest Agricultural Academy of our country in Moscow.
II. Pronounce correctly and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:
belongs to; respected scientist; Petersburg; the 3rd of June; progressive people; experiments; influenced greatly; air nutrition of plants; Congress of Naturalists; laboratories; Academy; the Chair of Botany; researcher; solving the problem; photosynthesis; existence; theoreticians; the greatest historian; Achievements; masterpiece; Agricultural Academy; the 28th of April.
Ш. Give English equivalents to:
1843; 1868; 1870; 1920; хорошо образованные люди, оказали большое влияние; питание растений; естествоиспытатель; работал за границей; кафедра ботаники; пользовался популярностью у студентов; посвятил жизнь; проблема фотосинтеза; существование жизни на Земле; выдающийся теоретик и последователь; историк; в начале 20 века; считается шедевром; носят имя.
IV. Answer the following questions:
1. What is K. A. Timiryazev?
2. When and where was he born?
3 Who influenced his education and outlook?
4. What did K. A. Timiryazev graduate from?
5 He headed the Chair of Botany of Petrovskaya Academy in 1870, didn't he?
6. What did Timiryazev devote his whole life to?
7 Name the most important works of K. A. Timiryazev.
8. When did he die?
plete the sentences, using the words, given below, translate them into Russian.
1. K. A. Timiryazev worked in the laboratories of........
2. In... he met with Charles Darwin.
3. Timiryazev established that the plants not only... water, but also... it.
4. His works contain effective formulae of the struggle with... planting of....
5. K. A. Timiryazev wrote: «The Democracy strengthened by... will bring Peace to the Peoples».
use; evaporate; France; Germany; England; science; forest-protection belts; weeds; drought.
VI. Do you know that:
… a tomato is at its peak of ripeness and makes the best eating about six days after the first appearance of colour;
... seeds of Canadian spruce from the USA, which had been in outer space were planted in the main botany garden of the Academy of Science. They were the part of the seed exchange during the Soyuz-Apollo space link-up;
… trees and plants help to take gases, such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but we have now destroyed too many trees, so they are not enough to do this job;
... dangerous gases of refrigerators and spray cans are known for the damage they re doing to the ozone layer of the Earth;
... Green Belts are a vital part of Britain's land use planning system. They help to protect the surrounding countryside. There are 1.5 million hectares of Green Belts in England and 160,000 hectares in Scotland.
K. D. USHINSKY - A GREAT RUSSIAN EDUCATOR
I. Read the text:
1. Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky was the founder of Russian primary school and pedagogical training for teachers.
2. His contribution to Russian education was great.
3. Ushinsky was born in 1824 in Tula in a family of a landowner.
4. After finishing gymnasium he entered Moscow University at the age of 16, he graduated from it when he was 20.
5. In 1859 he was appointed inspector at Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg.
6. In 1860 Ushinsky became the editor of the journal of Ministry of Education.
7. He paid much attention to real problems of teaching, theories of pedagogics and philosophy, criticism of pedagogical literature, etc.
8. Ushinsky was a great patriot.
9. One of the main principles of his pedagogical system was inculcation of patriotism in the youth.
10. His famous work «Rodnoye Slovo» (Native Word) was written for Russian children to give them greater love and respect for their literature.
11. Ushinsky believed that education must help formation of character.
12. According to him «... life without work cannot be happy...».
13. He stressed the personal influence of the teacher.
14. Ushinsky was very much interested in foreign educational systems.
15. He visited Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy.
16. His impressions were published in seven letters as «Pedagogical Travels in Switzerland».
17. In 1867 he returned home and continued his work at St. Petersburg Pedagogical Society.
18. К D. Ushinsky died in 1870, but the ideas and thoughts of this outstanding pedagogue, patriot and citizen are still with us.
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