4. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения,
в которых употреблены местоимения. Укажите, к какой группе они
относятся (личные, притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные,
относительные).
5. Выпишите из текста предложения в Ргesent Simple и пере
ведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в вопроси
тельной и отрицательной формах.
6. Выпишите из текста предложения в Рast или Future Simple
и переведите их на русский язык. Напишите эти предложения в
вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
7. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во
все временные формы группы Simple в страдательном залоге, про
изведя все необходимые смысловые изменения.
Oбразец: The text is translated by the student.
The text was translated by the student yesterday.
The text will be translated by the student tomorrow.
8. Переведите письменно текст контрольной работы №1 на русский язык. При переводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.
Text 1. GREAT BRITAIN
The British Isles lying off the north-western coast of the continent of Europe are composed of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a number of small islands. The official title of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, the southern and central part of the island, forms the main part of the entire country. Wales lies on the mountainous peninsula in the west. Politically Wales is a part of England and has no independent government. Scotland is in the northern part of the island. Its original inhabitants are of Celtic origin. In the past Scotland was an independent kingdom and up to the present time maintains certain autonomy. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom as an autonomous region with its own Parliament.
Great Britain is surrounded by water. It has an insular climate. The summers are cooler and the winters are warmer than in central Europe. The warm Gulf Stream washes the coasts of the British Isles and gives the country a mild climate. The climate on the continent is not so mild as that of England. The best season is spring. In the lovely month of May the weather is the finest.
The insular climate is also moister than the continental climate. It rains very often in England.
In London, for instance, it rains more than a hundred and eighty days in the year, and in winter the brown London fog comes very often. The London fog "as thick as peasoup" is an extraordinary thing.
Questions
1. What parts does Great Britain consist of?
2. What are the main islands of Great Britain?
3. Which season is the best in England?
4. Does it often rain in England?
Notes
1.insular – островной
2.The Gulf Stream – Гольфстрим
3. “as thick as peasoup” – «густой, как гороховый суп»
Text 2. NATURES`S BUILDING BLOCKS
What are atoms?
Over two thousand years ago, about 400 B. C., the Greek philosopher Democritus tried to figure out what the world is made up of and how it came to be the way it is. He came to the conclusion that all things are made up of tiny particles; too small to be seen. There are many kinds, he thought, and they are always moving about, sometimes separating again.
Democritus deserves tremendous credit for giving us this theory. In the past people believed in many ideas which new knowledge and experience later proved false. But all the discoveries of science in over two thousand years of work and study show that Democritus was right.
Investigations by chemists have shown that every chemical compound, such as salt or water, is made up of many tiny particles called molecules. In solids and liquids they are packed closely together. In gases they are spread out thin, with big spaces separating the molecules from each other. Each molecule in a compound is the same as all the other molecules in the same compound, but it is different from the molecules in other compounds. Since there are thousands of different compounds, there are thousands of different kinds of molecules, ranging from simple ones, like the molecules of salt or water, to very complicated ones found only in living things.
Further study has shown that the molecules themselves are made up of still smaller particles know as atoms. Although there are thousands of different molecules, there are only 103 different kinds of atoms. These 103 different kinds of atoms, known as the chemical elements, are i he balding blocks out of which all material things are made.
Questions
1. What is the world made up of according to Democritus?
2. Did his theory prove right?
3. When and where did Democritus live?
4. What is every chemical compound made up of according to modern science?
Notes
1. proved false – оказались ошибочными
Text 3. TAJ MAHAL
One of the sights of India is the tomb of the emperor Shah Jehan and his favourite queen.
The tomb is the Taj Mahal. Its name means "gem of buildings".
The Taj Mahal is in Agra, India. It was built between three and four centuries ago.
A legend tells that the queen, who was called Mumtaz-i-Mahal, first saw this building in a dream. She saw it so clearly that she remembered it after she wakened. She told the emperor about it, and he set to work at once to have it built. No one knows whether the story of the dream is true. We do know that an army of workmen spent 22 years in building the Taj Mahal.
The tomb is tall. The tip of the dome reaches as high as an 18-storeyed building. The whole building is of white marble. In places the marble has been carved so that it looks like lace.
Inside there is much carving. There is more of the marble lace. In addition, parts of the Koran, the sacred book of the Moslems, have been carved on the walls. In other places the walls are covered with flower designs. Coloured stones such as jasper1 and cornelian2 are set in the white stone.
The building would not be so beautiful if it were not in such a beautiful setting. Much of the ground around is paved with red sandstone. There are pools of quiet water that reflect the dome and the slender towers. Round about there is a beautiful garden.
Many people think that the Taj Mahal is the most beautiful building in the whole world.
Questions
1. Where and when was the Taj Mahal built?
2. What does a legend tell?
3. How many years did an army of workmen spend in building the Taj Mahal?
4. What does the building of the Taj Mahal look like?
5. What can you say about a setting of the Taj Mahal?
Notes
1. jasper – яшма
2. cornelian – сердолик
Text 4. SWIMMING
Many animals can swim without being taught how. People are not so fortunate. They have to learn to swim. But it is very much worthwhile to learn to swim for three reasons: swimming is fun. It is good exercise for building strong bodies. And being able to swim takes away most of the danger from boating, water skiing, and other water sports. There are four styles of sports swimming: freestyle (crawl), backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly.
Swimming is so popular that many public swimming pools have been built. Many public beaches have been set up.
Swimming is one of the sports that make up the Olympic Games. Swimmers from all over the world compete in these games.
It may seem strange that swimming was not included in ancient Olympic Games, though people had known it long ago. Both in ancient Greece and Rome swimming was as important as reading. Soldiers often sailed to other lands and fought on seas too. They wore (.might swimming for life-saving.
As a sport swimming was practiced in Japan. There swimming contests were held before the new era. Since the 17th century it has been taught in schools. But the Japanese did not lei, foreigners into their country. That is why it were Europeans who developed swimming and made it a sport.
One of the earliest swimming competitions in Europe was held in 1515 in Venice. In 1538, the first swimming handbook was published. First swimming schools began to appear in the end of the 18th century. Swimmers trained and contested mostly in rivers, ponds and lakes, which was only possible in summer. In the 19th century covered pools appeared and swimming became very popular.
Many countries organized national swimming championships, and the first European championship was held in 1890. Six years later, swimming became the Olympic sport and in 1908 the International Swimming Federation was formed. Oddly enough, the first world championship was only held in 1973, or 65 years later!
Swimming as a sport was not popular in Russia. Training and competitions were only possible in summer and sportsmen could not achieve good results. The first swimming competitions in Russia were held in 1913 in Kiev.
Things changed after the Revolution. Swimming schools opened in Moscow in the 20s. And in the 30s first covered pools were built. Soviet swimmers could train all the year round and they did well.
Regular swimming championships of the Soviet Union have been
held since 1928. And since 1947 our swimmers have been taking part
in international competitions. Many of them have achieved good results
and set new records. Among them are G. Prozumenshchikova (Stepanova),
S. Babanina, V. Salnikov and others.
Questions
1. Why is it worthwhile to learn to swim?
2. How many styles are there in swimming?
3. Where was swimming practiced as a sport?
4. When did swimming become very popular?
5. Was swimming as a sport popular in Russia?
6. What famous Soviet swimmers do you know?
Notes
1. backstroke – плавание на спине
2. breaststroke – брасс, плавание брассом
Text 5. NEW ZEALAND
The beautiful island country of New Zealand is a distant nation in the huge Pacific Ocean.
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