The nearest continent to it, more than 1,200 miles away, is Australia. Like Australia, New Zealand is south of the equator.
Surprising as it may seem, far-off New Zealand is a land of English-speaking people with modern ways of work and play. North Island, South Island, and many other parts in it have English names. Farms and pastures near Christchurch are in a lowland called Canterbury Plains. Mountain Cook is New Zealand's highest mountain, and the capital is named Wellington.
Some of the early setters went to New Zealand because gold was found there. But in Auckland, its largest port, we see signs that today grass, which feeds millions of sheep and cattle, is New Zealand's "gold". Millions of pounds of wool, mutton, and lamb are shipped away. And refrigerated ships carry to other lands so many tons of butter, condensed milk, and cheese that New Zealand is now one of the world's great dairy countries. Britain is its best customer, and supplies most of New Zealand's imports which include automobiles and oils.
Most English settlements in New Zealand are less than a century old. Early settlers found brown-skinned Maori natives there. Today the Maoris, who make up only about a twentieth part of the New Zealanders are highly respected citizens.
New Zealand has some volcanoes and hot springs. December comes in summer there. For Christmas trees, New Zealander use trees with bright red, real blossoms. But the green pastures, rain, and mild winters and summers help to make people from the British Isles feel at home in New Zealand. Just as Ireland in those islands is called the "emerald isle", New Zealand is a "country of the emerald isles".
Questions
1. Which is the nearest continent to New Zealand?
2. Which is New Zealand's highest mountain?
3. What is New Zealand's capital?
4. What is the largest port in New Zealand?
5. Is New Zealand one of the world's great dairy countries?
Notes
1. pasture – nacтбище
2. condensed milk – сгущенное молоко
3. Maori — Maoри (коренное население Новой Зеландии)
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ №2.
Грамматический материал.
I. Аудиторная работа.
1.Модальные глаголы саn, mау, must; и их эквиваленты.
2.Временные формы группы Регfect.
3.Герундий, его значение, употребление и перевод на русский язык.
4.Простые неличные формы глагола: Рartiсiрlе I, Participle П.
П. Самостоятельная работа.
1. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их произ
водные.
2. Употребление местоимений many, much, little, few.
3. Придаточные предложения времени и условия.
4. Наречие, его место в предложении. Перевод конструкции the more … the less.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ №2.
1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте по-английски на воп
росы, следующие за текстом.
2. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения,
в которых употреблены модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
3. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения,
в которых употреблены неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные.
4. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения,
в которых употреблено причастие настоящего времени.
5. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения,
в которых употреблены причастия прошедшего времени.
6. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во
все временные формы группы Рerfect;, произведя все необходимые
смысловые изменения.
7. Образец: He has just translated the text.
8. He had translated the text before the bell rang.
9. He will have translated the text by tomorrow.
10. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, сказуемые которых употреблены в страдательном залоге.
11. Переведите письменно текст контрольной работы №2. При пе
реводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.
Text 1. COLLEGE LIFE IN ENGLAND
The University of Oxford is a collection of colleges. Some of these colleges were founded hundreds of years ago. The University is only an administrative centre which arranges lectures for all the students of the colleges, holds examinations and gives degrees.
Every college has students of all kinds; it has its medical students, its engineers, its art students, etc.
The Tutorial system is one of the ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other English universities. Every student has a tutor who plans his work. Each week spine students come to see him and he discusses with them the work which they have done. This system has some advantages, but has often operated against progressive thinking in British universities because many tutors are reactionary and they try to have a great social and political influence on their students.
Other English universities called «modern» or «provincial» are located in large centres of industry. There are no tutorial systems there. These universities rely on lectures.
Very few children of the working people can be found among the students of all the British universities because the cost, of studies is too high. According to official reports only 3 per cent of the whole number of students at the universities are sons and daughters of the working people.
The academic year in England is divided into three terms. Terminal examinations are held at the end of the autumn, spring and the summer terms. Final examinations are taken at the end of the course of studies. If a student fails in an examination he may be allowed to take the exam again. Only two re-examinations are usually allowed. For a break of discipline a student can be fined a sum of money, for a serious offence he may be expelled from the university.
British universities usually keep to the customs of the past. At Oxford University all the students wear long black gowns and students' caps. Undergraduates try to get old gowns so that people would think that they have been at Oxford for years. Without his or her gown no student is allowed to call on a tutor, to have dinner in the college dining-room or attend a lecture – where the gowns are rolled up and used as cushions.
Questions
1. In what way do Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other English
universities?
2. What are advantages and disadvantages of the Tutorial system?
3. What kinds of English universities are called «modern»?
4. Can many children of the working people be found among the
students at English universities?
5. How many terms is the academic year in England divided into?
6. How are the students of Oxford usually dressed?
Notes
provincial universities – британские университеты 9кроме Оксфорда и Кембриджа)
be fined – подвергаться штрафу.
Text 2. THE TYPICAL SEED PLANT
The common garden bean is a typical seed plant. The vegetable called «bean» is the seed of the bean plant and is contained in a pod. This pod, with its seeds, is the fruit of the plant. The bean seed has two seedleaves, or cotyledons, that surround a baby bean plant, or embryo. The cotyledons supply the embryo with food and act as a protective covering. If the seed is planted properly in soil and is watered, it will germinate, meaning a young bean plant will emerge from the seed planted. This plant has roots, stems, and green leaves that have chlorophyll, enabling it to manufacture its own food.
The young plant grows rapidly, producing additional roots, stems, leaves, and finally blossoms. When the flowers appear the plant is ready to reproduce (produce offspring). Each bean flower has tiny yellowish pollen grains, which are transferred to its own female structure or that of another bean plant's flower. The pollen contains sperms, or male cells, that bring about fertilization of the eggs, or female cells, which are in the ovary of the female structure. The fertilized egg develops into an embryo, while the rest of the egg becomes its seed. The ovary wall enlarges to become a pod, which is the fruit of the bean plant, and the whole life process begins again. A similar process takes place in the pine, spruce, apple, peach, oak, grass, and all other seed plants.
The major parts of a seed plant are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruit. Each of these structures plays an important part in the life of the plant. Some seed plants are annual, that is they complete their life cycle from seed to seed in one year; such plants include the bean, pea, and the grasses. Others are biennial, needing two years for the cycle to be completed, these include the beet, parsnip, and carrot. Many are perennial, living for many years; among these are the oak, pine, rose, and lilac. Although there are many variations in different species of seed plant, their principle structures are basically alike and perform the same functions. The roots anchor the plant in the soil and support it. They absorb water and mineral salts from the soil and pass them along to the conducting tubes in the stem to be carried to the leaves. Many roots also store food.
The leaves carry on the process of photosynthesis and are equipped to give off excess water in the form of water vapour. The roots, stems and leaves all are equipped to take in oxygen, which the plant uses to carry on all activities except photosynthesis.
The seed is the structure whereby seed plants can survive over long periods of time under unfavourable conditions. Many kinds of seeds can retain their ability to germinate for many years after they are formed, and need only moisture, warmth and soil to develop into a new plant.
Questions
1. What is a typical seed plant?
2. What does the bean plant consist of?
3. What part do the cotyledons play in the life of the bean plant?
4. What plants are called annual?
5. What plants are called biennial?
6. What are perennial plants?
7. What are the main functions of the roots?
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