ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (стр. 6 )

The most important part of this museum is its central hall where the famous panorama of the Borodino battle painted by the Russian artist F. Rubo is displayed. It is a huge canvas depicting one of the decisive moments of the battle. It was painted before the Great October Revolution, but there was no building then in Moscow to house a canvas 115 metres long and 15 metres high.

Unit 3

ArchitectureandConstruction

Text 1: Impressions of modern architecture

Стили современной архитектуры.

Прочитайте текст и скажите, какие из упомянутых в тексте стилей типичны для вашего города. Переведите текст на русский язык.

The styles of modern architecture are similar in most countries today. This is because now architects have no opportunities they had in the past. They are seldom asked to design buildings like wonderful churches and cathedrals of the Middle Ages. Architects today have to design schools, hospitals and huge blocks of flatsand offices. Boxes – that’s what a good deal of modern architecture reminds of. The blocks of flats in our big towns are huge boxes, whether the fronts and sides are square or oblong.

Architects have done some very good deal work in designing schools. Many of these are prefabricated, which means that as much of the building work as possible is done not on the building site, but in factories where mass production methods can be used. The parts are taken to a site and put together there. The classrooms are light and big, and children have a fine large assembly hall. There is a dining-hall completed with modern kitchen.

Many modern buildings, especially the blocks of flats and business offices, look like big boxes. They do look like boxes from the outside, but when we go inside, we find them very well planned for their purposes. An architect today has to be an engineer too. The best modern buildings help us to live and work in comfort. They save plenty of unnecessary work.

You may know the work of the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. He designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. It was designed to resist earthquakes and it proved so strong that it did. It was one of the few buildings in Tokyo that did not fall in the terrible earthquake of 1923.

Переведите предложения:

1.  There is no need to say that all the buildings must be strong and attractive.

2.  Another tendency in the field of civil engineering was to replace hard manual labour by machines.

3.  To speed up the construction work, there is a growing tendency to use prefabrication parts of buildings.

4.  Engineers believe to raise tall buildings to 200 stories and more.

5.  The design of the Yaroslavsky station is known to be based on the motifs of northern Russia folklore.

6.  Concrete is one of the most important construction materials.

7.  New and cheap building materials are believed to replace traditional stone and brick.

8.  Steel, aluminum, glass and plastics are considered to be the best materials.

9.  We know them to have used arches in their buildings.

10.  It is well known that most of the Moscow metro stations are furnished with granite and marble.

Text 2: Moscow

From the History of Moscow

Moscow was founded in 1147 by the Prince of Suzdal, Jury Dolgoruky. Its wise founder built it in the middle of a densely populated country. It is protected by rivers and a fortress.

The city had and has now its significance and the leading role in the development of the country. Moscow stands on seven hills. The main is the Borovitsky hill on which the Kremlin stands.

Moscow’s early architecture was simple but expressive. The larger part of the city was occupied by private houses made of wood. But such city’s structures as fortress walls, bridges, churches and cathedrals were made of brick and white stone decorated with ceramic. These buildings crested Moscow’s architectural image of a city of white stone.

A major feature of Moscow’s present development is the establishment of the industries requiring highly-skilled labour, and the branches producing high-quality apparatus, as well as the development of new technologies and know-how. In recent years the population of Moscow reached 10 million.

Transport is a serious problem for all large cities of the world. Moscow also has a transport problem. The most convenient means of transport in Moscow is, the Metro. Besides it there are buses, trolley-buses and trams.

Roads are another aspect of the transport problem. The city authorities started to build new roads which are to link several city districts between the Moscow Circular Highway and the Sadovoye Ring Road.

So instead of the traditional monocentric system the city gets polycentric planning according to which Moscow complex zones are united by a system of general city centre.

The territory within Sadovoye Ring Road retains its significance as a historical, cultural, educational and administrative public centre, the seat of the Government and the Parliament. All the valuable architectural monuments as well as parks and old streets with their unique buildings will remain untouched.

Moscow today is an enormous city whose infrastructure is traditional for every megapolis with first-rate hotels, restaurants, theatres, exhibition halls, shops and gigantic transport arteries.

Notes:

prince of Suzdal – князь суздальский

build (built) – строить

fortress – крепость

significance – важность

principle – главный

occupy– занимать

structure – сооружение

church– церковь

cathedral– собор

brick– кирпич

stone – камень

decorate – украшать

skilllabour – квалифицированные рабочие

quality– качество

convenientmeans – удобное средство

authority – власть

link– связывать

unite– объединять

seat– место

government – правительство

valuable– ценный

as well as – также

unique– уникальный

enormous – огромный

Pre-text exercises

1.Прочитайте следующие слова и догадайтесь об их значении, не прибегая к помощи словаря.

roleinindustry

transport problem

the Kremlin

apparatus

traditional monocentric system

architecturetechnologies

polycentric

ceramicnow-how

architectural monument

image transport

administrative public centre

architectural image

infrastructure of megapolis

gigantic transport arteries

1.Переведите производные слова:

To found –основать – founder? - was founded?

Population – население – to populate - populated?

To express – выражать - expressive?

To establish – устанавливать -establishment?

To develop - development?

1.  Переведите предложения:

Participle II = Ved/V3, be + Participle II, Participle I = Ving, be + Ving

1.  Moscow was founded in 1147.

2.  It is protected (to protect - защищать) by rivers.

3.  The city was occupied by private houses made of wood.

4.  Fortress, bridges, churches and cathedrals were made of the brick and white stone, decorated with ceramic.

5.  According to polycentric planning Moscow complex zones will be united by a system of general city centre.

6.  Moscow has the leading role in the development of the country.

7.  A major feature of Moscow’s present development is the establishment of the industries requiring (to require - требовать) highly – skilled labour, and the branches producing high – quality apparatus.

8.  The city authorities started to build new road which are to link several city districts.

After-text exercises

2.  Ответьте на вопросы:

1.  When was Moscow founded?

2.  Its position was very convenient, wasn’t it?

3.  Why do people call (называют)Moscow «white stone city»?

4.  What is the major feature of the present – day Moscow?

5.  What problems are there in Moscow?

6.  What are the new ideas in Moscow planning?

5. Подберите окончания предложений:

1.  Moscow was founded in … the Metro.

2.  Moscow was built in… an enormous city with first –

rate hotels, restaurants,

theatres, exhibition halls, shops

and gigantic transport arteries.

3.  Moscow is protected by… high – quality apparatus.

4.  Moscow stands on… the middle of a densely populated

country.

5.  Moscow was occupied by… private houses made of wood.

6.  Fortress walls, bridges, churches seven hills, the principle is the

and cathedrals were made of… Borovitsky hill, where the Kremlin stands.

7.  Moscow industries produce… brick and white stone decorated

with ceramics.

8.  The most convenient means

of transport in Moscow is…

Text 3: Moscow, theCapitalofRussia

Города всегда были центрами промышленности ,торговли, культуры и образования.

Москва, являясь столицей большого государства, играет важную роль в жизни страны.

a)  Прочитайте текст и передайте содержание по-русски. Проверьте, совпадают ли данные утверждения с содержанием текста. Если нет совпадения, исправьте утверждение в соответствии с содержанием текста.

В соответствии с письменными источниками Москва была основана в 1147 году князем Юрием Долгоруким и вскоре стала столицей Россию. Крепости, мосты, церкви и соборы были первыми памятниками русской архитектуры, на которую оказала влияние западная архитектура в период правления Екатерины Великой.

Масштабное строительство развернулось после пожара Москвы в эпоху нашествия Наполеона.