Перевод в сфере профессиональных коммуникаций (стр. 3 )

In addition to new applications, the future of supercomputing includes the assembly of the next generation of computational research infrastructure and the introduction of new supercomputing architectures. Parallel supercomputers have many processors, distributed and shared memory, and many communications parts. We have yet to explore all of the ways in which they can be assembled.

(http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Supercomputers.aspx)

 

2.      Выполните предпереводческий анализ текста А.

 

2.1. Приведите полные формы следующих аббревиатур. Переведите их на русский язык.

GB, MB, RAM.

 

2.2. Предложите варианты перевода следующих терминов:

Data capacity, hard drive, astrophysicist, molecular dynamics, data mining, neuroscientist.

 

2.3. Найдите в тексте выделенные курсивом слова и выражения. Предложите возможные варианты их перевода.

 

2.4. Переведите следующие предложения, употребляя различные способы передачи страдательного залога:

- Supercomputers, the world's largest and fastest computers, are primarily used for complex scientific calculations.

- Desktop computers and supercomputers are equipped with similar processors.

2.5. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитива в различных функциях:

- Research centers are constantly delving into new applications like data mining.

- Researchers are beginning to use supercomputers to provide them with a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of the brain.

- Parallel supercomputers have many processors, distributed and shared memory, and many communications parts.

 

2.6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастий в различных функциях:

- These phenomena are too small, too big, too fast, or too slow to observe in laboratories.

- For example, astrophysicists use supercomputers as "time machines" to explore the past and the future of our universe.

- It is a class of applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of data, allowing scientists to discover previously unknown relationships among the data.

- Specifically, neuroscientists use supercomputers to look at the dynamic and physiological structures of the brain.

 

2.7. Переведите следующее предложение, обращая внимание на перевод герундия в различных функциях:

- The future of supercomputing includes the assembly of the next generation of computational research infrastructure and the introduction of new supercomputing architectures.

 

2.8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на союзное соединение простых предложений в сложные. При необходимости уточните значение союзов по словарю.

-          Although both desktop computers and supercomputers are equipped with similar processors, their speed and memory sizes are significantly different.

-          While desktop computers can perform millions of operations per second, supercomputers are able to perform billions of operations per second.

-          Supercomputers are so powerful that they can provide researchers with insight into phenomena that are too small, too big, too fast, or too slow to observe in laboratories.

 

2.9. Выполните полный письменный перевод текста А.

 

Текст В

1. Прочитайте текст.

Personal Computers

 

A personal computer can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal computers may range from a few hundred pounds to over five thousand pounds. As all of them are based on the microprocessor technology, it enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use of personal computers is playing games and surfing the Net.

One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. Then, in 1981, IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer manufacturers fell by the wayside. One of the few companies to survive IBM’s onslaught was Apple Computer. Other companies built IBM clones, computers that were internally almost the same as the IBM PC, but cost less. While IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were able of running the same software. Over the years, IBM has lost much of its influence in directing the evolution of PCs. In recent years, the term PC has become more and more difficult to pin down. In general, it applies to any personal computer based on an Intel microprocessor.

Today the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and PCs. The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems and are based on microprocessors. However, although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, it is common to link them to form a network. In terms of power, there is a great variety. At the high end, the distinction between personal computers and workstations has faded. High-end models of the Macintosh and PC can offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard and DEC.

(https://www.google.ru/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fedpminstitute.yolasite.com%2Fresources%2FUNIT1-THE%2520COMPUTER%2520SYSTEM.docx&ei=dJ_lVOn0HY_naoeSgagP&usg=AFQjCNFwPYtuReypEeXuyvA7ovYkPp6xJA&bvm=bv.85970519,d.d2s&cad=rjt)

 

2. Выполните предпереводческий анализ текста В.

 

2.1. Приведите полные формы следующих аббревиатур. Переведите их на русский язык.

PC, IBM, CPU.

 

2.2. Предложите варианты перевода следующих терминов:

Microprocessor technology, word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, spreadsheet and database management, software, single-user system.

 

2.3. Найдите в тексте выделенные курсивом слова и выражения. Предложите возможные варианты их перевода.

 

2.4. Переведите следующие предложения, употребляя различные способы передачи страдательного залога:

- A personal computer can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer.

- All of them are based on the microprocessor technology.

- Today the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and PCs.

-The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems and are based on microprocessors.

- Personal computers are designed as single-user systems.

 

2.5. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитива в различных функциях:

- One of the few companies to survive IBM’s onslaught was Apple Computer.

- In recent years, the term PC has become more and more difficult to pin down.

 

2.6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастий в различных функциях:

- A personal computer can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user.

- One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer.

- Then, in 1981, IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC.

- In general, it applies to any personal computer based on an Intel microprocessor.

 

2.7. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия в различных функциях:

- Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications.

- At home, the most popular use of personal computers is playing games and surfing the Net.

- While IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were able of running the same software.

- Over the years, IBM has lost much of its influence in directing the evolution of PCs.

 

2.8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод местоимения “it”:

- It enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip.

- In general, it applies to any personal computer based on an Intel microprocessor.

- It is common to link them to form a network.

 

2.9. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на союзное соединение простых предложений в сложное:

- As all of them are based on the microprocessor technology, it enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip.

- While IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were able of running the same software.

- However, although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, it is common to link them to form a network.

 

2.10. Выполните полный письменный перевод текста В.

 

 

1.3. Архитектура компьютера

 

Текст А

 

1.                  Прочитайте текст.

 

A computer is a complex machine that is capable of performing huge computations at an extraordinary speed. It mainly consists of a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), computer storage, input and output devices along with its peripherals. It is these parts that make the whole system.

The CPU is the central unit in a computer containing the logic circuitry that performs the instructions of a computer's programs. The CPU performs arithmetical, logical operations on data held in the computer memory - the RAM. The RAM is seen as a vector that contains instructions and data provided by the computer programmer.