Перевод в сфере профессиональных коммуникаций (стр. 4 )

The CPU relies on an operating system such as Windows or MacOS for inputting and outputting data, interaction with the user or storing information on a disk. Most of the CPUs made today are produced by Intel or AMD, and all of these use the same instruction set or how the instructions are coded to the CPU.

The primary responsibility of a computer processor is to execute a sequential set of instructions that constitute a program. CPU operation can be divided into four basic steps, namely, fetch, decode, execute and writeback. During the 'fetch' step, the processor retrieves program instructions from memory. In the decode step, the instruction is broken down into parts. The instruction set architecture of the CPU defines the way in which an instruction is decoded. In the 'execute' step, the CPU performs the operation implied by the program instruction. During the 'writeback' step, the CPU writes back the results of execution to the computer's memory.

The CPU can deal with many millions of calculations per tes of data travel around the computer on electronic pathways, known as buses. Data from the CPU travels along these buses to other parts of the computer, telling them what to do. How quickly the CPU can deal with calculations is decided by the number of bytes that it can process at once, and the number of instructions it can deal with during one second.

To put it really simply, the CPU is like the human brain, performing all of the calculations required to complete a program.

(http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_CPU)

 

2. Выполните предпереводческий анализ текста А.

 

2.1. Приведите полные формы следующих аббревиатур. Переведите их на русский язык.

CPU, RAM, ALU, OS.

 

2.2. Предложите варианты перевода следующих терминов:

Computation, central processing unit, program instructions, instruction set architecture, arithmetic/logic unit, peripherals, buses.

 

2.3. Найдите в тексте выделенные курсивом слова и выражения. Предложите возможные варианты их перевода.

 

2.4. Переведите следующие предложения, употребляя различные способы передачи страдательного залога:

- The RAM is seen as a vector.

- Most of the CPUs are produced by Intel or AMD.

- Most of the CPUs use the same instruction set - or how the instructions are coded to the CPU.

- CPU operation can be divided into four basic steps.

- The instruction is broken down into parts.

- The instruction set architecture of the CPU defines the way in which an instruction is decoded.

 

2.5. Переведите следующee предложениe, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитива в различных функциях:

- The primary responsibility of a computer processor is to execute a sequential set of instructions.

 

2.6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастий в различных функциях:

- The CPU is the central unit in a computer containing the logic circuitry.

- The CPU performs arithmetical, logical operations on data held in the computer memory.

- The RAM is seen as a vector that contains instructions and data provided by the computer programmer.

- Most of the CPUs made today are produced by Intel or AMD.

- The CPU performs the operation implied by the program instruction.

- Bytes of data travel about the computer on electronic pathways, known as buses.

- Data from the CPU travels along these buses to other parts of the computer, telling them what to do.

- The CPU is like the human brain, performing all of the calculations required to complete a program.

 

2.7. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия в различных функциях:

- A computer is capable of performing huge computations at an extraordinary speed.

- The CPU relies on an operating system such as Windows or MacOS for inputting and outputting data, interaction with the user or storing information on a disk.

 

2.8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод местоимения “it”:

- It mainly consists of a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), computer storage, input and output devices along with its peripherals.

- It is these parts that make the whole system.

- How quickly the CPU can deal with calculations is decided by the number of bytes that it can process at once, and the number of instructions it can deal with during one second.

 

2.9. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на союзное соединение простых предложений в сложные. При необходимости уточните значение союзов по словарю.

- A computer is a complex machine that is capable of performing huge computations at an extraordinary speed.

- The CPU is the central unit in a computer containing the logic circuitry that performs the instructions of a computer's programs.

- The RAM is seen as a vector that contains instructions and data.

 

2.10. Выполните полный письменный перевод текста А.

 

Текст В

 

1.       Прочитайте текст.

Computer Motherboard

 

The motherboard is the soul of your computer. A computer motherboard is nothing but the circuit board which controls the entire functioning of the computer. All the components that make up your computer are connected to the motherboard. The CPU, which is the most important component of your computer, is mounted on the motherboard. All other components like the keyboard, monitor, mouse, hard drives, etc. are all connected to the motherboard through cables.

Peripheral device slots, serial parallel ports and input / output ports are other physical components or parts that are involved in the working of a computer. When such components are provided for by the motherboard, i.e. they are built into the motherboard, the motherboard is called integrated.

For example, to make a computer capable of connecting to networks, a network card is integrated onto the motherboard itself. So you do not need to buy a network card. This sort of motherboard allows for better air flow within the computer's case. Integrated motherboards cost less to make but their downside is that, if even one component on the motherboard fails, the entire board might have to be replaced. Repairing or replacing this sort of motherboard is expensive.

With non-integrated motherboards, electronic components and parts are fitted individually. I/O ports, connectors, RAM etc. are fixed to the motherboard using expansion slots. When needed you can add one or more components. This allows for greater customization and freedom in designing a PC. Gamers, for example, could fix a high-end graphics card of their choice, using the expansion slot, instead of settling for an average video card on an integrated motherboard.

But customizing a motherboard can be expensive and this is the problem with non-integrated motherboards. The initial cost is high as components need to be bought and fixed. Plus, there should be enough expansion slots to accommodate the multiple components. However, if a single component fails, then it has to be replaced or repaired, which is a cheaper operation as opposed to replacing the entire motherboard.

The way of differentiating computer motherboards is also based on motherboard socket types. The CPUs that are available in the current market are compatible only with specific motherboards.

(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-motherboard-types.html)

 

2. Выполните предпереводческий анализ текста В.

 

2.1. Приведите полные формы следующих аббревиатур. Переведите их на русский язык.

CPU, RAM, PC, I/O.

 

2.2. Предложите варианты перевода следующих терминов:

Motherboard, circuit board, serial parallel ports, expansion slots, socket, high-end graphics card.

 

2.3. Найдите в тексте выделенные курсивом слова и выражения. Предложите возможные варианты их перевода.

 

2.4. Переведите следующие предложения, употребляя различные способы передачи страдательного залога:

- All the components are connected to the motherboard.

- The CPU is mounted on the motherboard.

- Peripheral device slots, serial parallel ports and input / output ports are other physical components or parts that are involved in the working of a computer.

- When such components are provided for by the motherboard, i.e. they are built into the motherboard, the motherboard is called integrated.

- A network card is integrated onto the motherboard.

- The entire board might have to be replaced.

- With non-integrated motherboards, electronic components and parts are fitted individually.

- I/O ports, connectors, RAM etc. are fixed to the motherboard.

- The initial cost is high as components need to be bought and fixed.

- The way of differentiating computer motherboards is also based on motherboard socket types.

2.5. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитива в различных функциях:

- For example, to make a computer capable of connecting to networks, a network card is integrated onto the motherboard itself.

- So you do not need to buy a network card.

- Integrated motherboards cost less to make.

- There should be enough expansion slots to accommodate the multiple components.

 

2.6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастий в различных функциях:

- I/O ports, connectors, RAM etc. are fixed to the motherboard using expansion slots.

- Gamers could fix a high-end graphics card of their choice, using the expansion slot.

 

2.7. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия в различных функциях:

- Repairing or replacing this sort of motherboard is expensive.