Методическое пособие (стр. 10 )

Electric energy finds its important use in industry. For example, it is used in electric motors, mills, factories.

These are only some of the various industrial applications of the electric current serving us in a thousand ways.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

13.  electric current; 2. continuous current; 3. to contribute; 4. practical application; 5. to do without; 6. electrically operated devices; 7. to find use; 8. industrial application; 9. to serve in a thousand ways; 10. vacuum cleaner.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

59.  The electric current was born in (1700, 1800, 1900).

60.  The first source of continuous current was constructed by (Curie, Volta, Franklin).

61.  Electric energy is used in (mills, factories, vacuum cleaners).

62.  Electric energy finds its use in (industry, everyday life).

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

62.  Who was the first to construct a continuous source of current?

63.  When was electric current born?

64.  What can’t people do without nowadays?

65.  What industrial applications of electric current do you know?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

46.  the, constructed, Volta, source, of, first, current, continuous.

47.  we, do, cannot, the, current, without, electric.

48.  finds, energy, electric, use, industry, its, in.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в исходной степени сравнения, назовите сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

1.  Volta constructed the first source of electric current.

2.  People use electric lamps, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators in everyday life.

Вариант 2

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

80.  More than a hundred years ago in 1831, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction.

81.  The metal conductor can be replaced by any other conductor.

82.  Designs and techniques have gradually improved during the past years.

83.  The device will not work on direct current.

84.  The students are now dealing with difficult work.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

64.  After studying the properties of solids we shall deal with the properties of liquids.

65.  If the gases are heated to some thousand of degrees the atoms that make them are broken down into electrically charged particles.

66.  When done this work will give good results.

67.  Translating the text I did not look up the words in the dictionary.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

64.  The metal conductor can be replaced by any other conductor.

65.  A waterfall may serve as an example.

66.  We are to read a text about energy.

67.  We may consider that the free electrons are negative ions.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Energy

In the language of science energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, such as heat, mechanical, chemical, atomic and so on. One can mention the two kinds of mechanical energy – potential and kinetic. Potential energy is the energy of position while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

It is well known that one form of energy can be changed into another. A waterfall may serve as an example. Water falls from its raised position, energy changes from potential to kinetic energy. The energy of falling water is used to turn the turbines of hydroelectric stations. So we have already seen that the energy of some kind must be employed to generate the electric current.

The rising standards of modern civilization and growing industrial application of the electric current result in an increasing need of energy. We need energy to do a lot of useful things that are done by electricity

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

14.  science; 2. the ability to do the work; 3. chemical energy; 4. potential energy; 5. energy of position; 6. energy of motion; 7. hydroelectric station; 8. to generate the electric current; 9. industrial application; 10. an increasing need of energy.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

63.  Energy is (science, motion, work, ability to do the work).

64.  The kinds of mechanical energy are (heat, potential, atomic, kinetic).

65.  Kinetic energy is the energy of (position, motion).

66.  Energy can exist in (one form, various forms).

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

66.  What is energy?

67.  What forms of energy do you know?

68.  What must be employed to generate the electric current?

69.  Why do we need energy today?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

49.  is, to, energy, the, do, ability, work.

50.  energy, is, potential, energy, the, of, position.

51.  we, energy, need, to, a, do, things, lot, of.

lX. Выпишите из текста сложные прилагательные в исходной степени сравнения, назовите сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения (см. образец выполнения 3).

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

12.  We use the energy of falling water to turn the turbines of hydroelectric stations

13.  We employ the energy of some kind to generate the electric current.

Вариант 3

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

85.  Everyone understands the importance of electricity.

86.  Rubber was brought to Europe in the 15-th century.

87.  The wires are carrying the current.

88.  Copper is the most widely used conductor.

89.  I have not found mistakes in your work.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

68.  The electrically operated devices are connected to the wall socket by copper wires.

69.  The flowing electrons cannot travel through space and get into an electrically operated device when the circuit is broken.

70.  When written the article will have a great success.

71.  Conducting materials play an important part in electrical engineering.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

68.  A large conductor can carry the current more readily than a thinner one.

69.  A source of electromotive force may be a cell or a battery, a generator, etc.

70.  We must not forget the names of those scientists who made a great contribution in the field of electricity.

71.  One can reduce heat losses in a transmission line.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Early history of electricity

History shows us that about 2,500 years ago the Greeks were already familiar with the strange force which is known today as electricity. Generally speaking, three phenomena made up all of man’s knowledge of electrical effects. The first phenomenon was the lightning flash. The second manifestation of electricity was a yellow stone which looked like glass, it was amber. On being rubbed, it obtained the ability of attracting light objects of a small size. The third phenomenon was connected with the so-called electric fish.

Nobody knew that these phenomena were due to electricity. As a matter of fact, all man’s knowledge in the field of electricity has been obtained during the last 370 years. It took a long time before scientists learned how to make use of electricity. Most of the electrically operated devices, such as trams, lamps, lifts, refrigerators, are less than one hundred years old. But at present we cannot do without them.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

15.  to be familiar with; 2. phenomenon; 3. lightning flash; 4. on being rubbed; 5. to obtain the ability; 6. to attract objects; 7. to be due to; 8. to make use of; 9. electrically operated devices; 10. to do without.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

67.  The Greeks were familiar with electricity (100 years ago, 2000 years ago, 2,500 years ago).

68.  There were (ten, five, three phenomena) which made up man’s knowledge of electrical effects.

69.  These phenomena were (electric current, electric fish, diamond, amber, lightning flash, thunder).

70.  At present people (can live, cannot do) without electricity.

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

70.  When were people familiar with electricity?

71.  What were the phenomena which made the first man’s knowledge of electricity?

72.  What are the most famous electrically operated devices today?

73.  Can we live without electricity at present?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

52.  lightning, were, amber, phenomena, flash, fish, the, electric, first, to, known, man.

53.  Scientists, to, learned, use, make, electricity, of.

54.  today, live, electricity, people, cannot, without.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в исходной степени сравнения, назовите сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения (см. образец выполнения 3).

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

1.  People use electricity.

2.  We know the strange force today as electricity.

Вариант 4