Методическое пособие (стр. 5 )

Motoring really started in the country after the abolition of this act.

3. In Russia there were cities where motor cars were outlawed altogether. When the editor of the local newspaper in the city of Uralsk bought a car, the government issued these instructions to the police: ‘‘When the vehicle appears in the streets, it must be stopped and escorted to the police station, where the driver is to be prosecuted”.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

1.one of the earliest attempts; 2. to propel a vehicle; 3. a steam-driven engine; 4. a great achievement; 5. to meet with great opposition; 6. further development; 7. to be outlawed; 8. to issue the instruction; 9. to be escorted.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

12.  One of the first attempts to propel a vehicle was suggested by (Michael Faraday, Isaac Newton, Paul Newman).

13.  In 1763 Cugnot built a vehicle with a steam-driven engine which had (three, five, four) wheels.

14.  In 1825 (a steam, a diesel, a fuel) engine was built in Great Britain.

15.  In Russia there was a law (to give a way, to stop, to catch) a car appeared in the street.

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

13.  Who was the first to suggest to propel a vehicle by mechanical power?

14.  Who was the first to construct a self-propelled vehicle?

15.  When was a steam engine built in Great Britain?

16.  What was the act of 1865?

17.  What was maximum speed of the first steam-driven engine?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

10.  a, was, in, steam, built, engine, Great, in, Britain.

11.  15, the, of, steam, supply, minutes, lasted.

12.  was, a, carriage, the, achievement, great.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в превосходной степени сравнения, назовите исходную и сравнительную степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

5.  The French military engineer constructed the first self-propelled vehicle.

6.  Engineers in Great Britain built a steam-engine in 1825.

Вариант 5

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

21.  There are about 3,000 Americans who like to collect antique cars.

22.  The time is coming when it will be quicker to fly across the Atlantic to New York than to travel from home to office.

23.  In the 20-th century reliable petrol engines became available.

24.  Our college has already trained many young specialists.

25.  The students were talking about the differences between fuel and diesel engines.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

17.  Buses were introduced in London in 1828.

18.  The electric motor is driving trams.

19.  When written a letter post it at once.

20.  Controlling the brakes radar avoids collisions.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

17.  First omnibuses could be driven by three horses.

18.  The red light warns that the speed must go down.

19.  Radar may control the brakes

20.  Cars are to be equipped with an electronic instrument panel.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Different kinds of land transport

The first practical internal combustion engine was introduced in the form of a gas engine by the German engineer N. Otto in 1876. Since that time motor transport began to spread in Europe very rapidly.

The rapid development of the internal combustion engine led to its use in the farm tractors, thereby creating a revolution in agriculture.

Buses were started in Paris in 1820. They were horse-driven. Then in the 20-th century reliable petrol engines became available, and by 1912 the new motor buses were fast replacing horse-driven buses.

Trams were introduced in the middle of the 19-th century. The first trams were horse drawn but the later trams were almost all driven by electricity.

Another form of transport used in crowded cities is the underground railway. The Moscow underground, which is considered to be the best and the most comfortable underground in the world, was opened in 1935.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

1. internal combustion engine; 2. gas engine; 3. to spread rapidly; 4. to create a revolution; 5. to be introduced by; 6. underground railway; 7. to be driven by; 8. horse drawn.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

16.  The German engineer introduced the first (bus, car, internal combustion engine).

17.  The best underground railway is in (Paris, Moscow, London).

18.  Buses were started in (Paris, Moscow, London).

19.  (Cars, trams, buses, tractors) created a revolution in agriculture.

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

18.  Who introduced the first practical internal combustion engine?

19.  Where did motor transport begin to spread rapidly?

20.  What means of transport created a revolution in agriculture?

21.  What transport is used in crowed cities?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

13.  tractors, created, farm, a, in, revolution, agriculture.

14.  in, Paris, started, buses, were.

15.  trams, were, by, driven, electricity.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в превосходной степени сравнения, назовите исходную и сравнительную степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

1.  N. Otto introduced a gas engine.

2. Some crowded cities use the underground railways.

Спец. 2601

Вариант 1

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

26.  The timber industry in Russia occupies the first place in total timber cut.

27.  Russia is expending its exports of forest products to China.

28.  The need for timber have increased today.

29.  Man did much to adapt crops to soils.

30.  The students were planting trees during two hours yesterday.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

21.  Among timber-producing countries Russia is one of the greatest.

22.  Giving wood and other raw material forests are a vital part of the biosphere.

23.  When done this work will give good results.

24.  The main softwood reserves are concentrated in the Urals, Siberia and Far East.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

21.  They can meet the demand for many a year.

22.  We may not cut the unique kinds of trees.

23.  We must save forests which are a vital part of biosphere.

24.  The trees are to be planted near our houses.

lV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Forests in Russia

Forests are very important natural resources. Forests give wood and other raw materials and are a vital part of the biosphere. Forests regulate the water balance, the climate, the chemical composition of the air.

About 769 million hectares of Russia land is forest. Conifers (pine, spruce, larch, cedar and fir) dominate and make our forest still more valuable. Approximately 80% of our forest is coniferous.

Wood is unique among the world’s important raw materials. Among timber-producing countries Russia is the greatest. It possesses enormous forest resources equal to 35% of the total world reserves. The principal commercial softwoods include larch, pine, spruce; birch, aspen, oak, beech, hornbeam and ash form the bulk of hardwood supply. The main softwood reserves are concentrated in the Urals, Siberia, Far East, in Northern European regions of Arkhangelsk and Vologda and in the Komi and Korelian autonomous republics. They can meet the demand for many a year. The country is one of the leading producers and exporters of timber.

Vocabulary:

1.  raw material – сырье

2.  softwoods – хвойные породы

3.  hardwoods- лиственные породы

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

1.  natural resources; 2. a vital part of the biosphere; 3. water balance; 4. conifers; 5. pine; 6. spruce; 7. larch; 8. birch; 9. aspen; 10. oak; 11.beech; 12. hornbeam; 13. ash.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

20.  (Russia, Great Britain, Mongolia) is one of the leading producers and exporters of timber.

21.  Forests are the vital part of the (people’s life, biosphere, hydrological process).

22.  (Grass, mushrooms, conifers) make our forest more valuable.

23.  The main softwood reserves are concentrated in (Moscow region, Siberia).

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

22.  Why is forest one of the important natural resources?

23.  What forests dominate in Russia?

24.  What do commercial softwoods include?

25.  Where are the main softwoods concentrated in Russia?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

16.  regulate, forests, the, balance, water.

17.  give, wood, forests, other, and, raw, materials.

18.  Russia, rich, is forests.

lX. Выпишите из текста 3 прилагательных: 1) в положительной, 2) сравнительной и 3) превосходной степенях сравнения, назовите недостающие степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

7.  Forests regulate the water balance.