Методическое пособие (стр. 4 )

6.  The German engineer N. Otto introduced the first practical internal combustion engine.

7.  We are going to study the construction of machinery.

8.  A brake is a device for slowing, stopping or holding an object.

9.  By 1912 the new motor buses were fast replacing horse-driven buses.

10.  I guess the battery has run down.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

5.  Most car engines are cooled by air.

6.  He is repairing his car now.

7.  When adjusted the brakes will be in order.

8.  Reading the text I found mistakes.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

5.  The brakes can be easily adjusted.

6.  Motorists had to carry cans of fuel, for there were no filling stations.

7.  The aim of the study is to provide definite results.

8.  The article may be useful for you.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Finding a fault in a car.

If your car does not start in the morning, you should check three things first: the battery, the fuel level and the spark plugs. It is easy to repair these faults. If the battery is flat, you should recharge it. If this does not work, you should replace it. If the spark plugs are dirty, clean them, and if the gap in a spark plug is too narrow or too wide, adjust it to the correct width.

If your car still does not start, the petrol pump may be broken, or the fuel pipe may be blocked. If the pump is broken, it must be repaired or replaced. If the fuel pipe is blocked, take it off and unblocked it.

If there is a loud CLICK! When you turn the key, the starter motor may be jammed. If it is, you can try to release it by pushing the car forwards and backwards (in 2nd gear). If the car still doesn’t start, the starter motor should be repaired or replaced.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

2.  to check; 2. the battery is flat; 3. fuel level; 4. spark plugs; 5. to repair the faults; 6. to replace ; 7. to adjust to the correct width; 8. to be broken; 9. to recharge; 10. to fill up.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

5.  If the patrol tank is empty (recharge it, adjust it, fill it up).

6.  If the spark plugs are dirty (replace them, release them, clean them).

7.  If the petrol pump is broken (clean it, repair it, replace it).

8.  If the starter motor is jammed (release it, clean it, recharge it).

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

5.  What should you do if your car does not start?

6.  What should you do if the battery is flat?

7.  What should you do if the spark plugs are dirty?

8.  What should you do if the pump is broken?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

4.  It, to, is, these, repair, easy, faults.

5.  The, may, fuel, be, blocked, pipe.

6.  Adjust, the, in, a, gap, plug, spark.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в исходной степени сравнения, назовите сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

3.  Clean the gap in a spark plug.

4.  Repair the starter motor.

Вариант 3

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

11.  There is nothing to compare with extremes of the Paris – Dakar race.

12.  At present sophisticated electronics is playing a big part in automatic research.

13.  Russia produced its first transportation device in the 18-th century.

14.  The students were talking about the difference between diesel and fuel engines.

15.  We have already studied the material.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

9.  In many ships and aircraft today we are piloted automatically for the greater part of journey.

10.  While summing up the information about speed and distance of various objects ahead, the computer detects all possible dangers and their nature.

11.  We are going to the excursion.

12.  Equipped with an electronic instrument the car will calculate how far you can drive on the fuel left in the car.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

9.  Public transport must be more efficient than it is today.

10.  There are some modern vehicles which may become an means of transport in the future.

11.  In private cars we can use an automatic guidance system.

12.  Radar is to control the brakes.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Transport for tomorrow

1.  One thing is certain about the public transport of the future: it must be more efficient than today. The time is coming when it will be quicker to fly across the Atlantic to New York than to travel from home to office. The two main problems are: what vehicle shall we use and how can we plan our use of it?

2.  There are already a number of modern vehicles which aren’t yet in common use, but which may become an usual means of transport in the future. One of these is the small electric car: we go out into the street, find an empty car, get into it, drive to our destination, get out and leave the car for the next person. In fact, there may be no need to drive these cars. With an automatic guidance system for cars being developed, it will be possible for us to select the destination just as today we select a telephone number. And our car will move automatically to the address we want.

V. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык.

3.  public transport; 2. vehicle; 3. to be in common use; 4. means of transport; 5. drive to the destination; 6. automatic guidance system; 7. to move automatically.

Vl. Выберите правильный вариант.

9.  Transport of future must be (lighter, bigger, more efficient).

10.  It will be possible to select the destination (with radio, with an automatic guidance system, with radar).

11.  One of the modern vehicles is (a telephone, an automatic guidance system, a small electric car).

Vll. Ответьте на вопросы.

9.  What thing is certain about the transport of the future?

10.  What are the main problems of the transport?

11.  What vehicle will become an usual means of transport in future?

12.  How will the car move to the address we want?

Vlll. Составьте предложения.

7.  Transport, of, must, the, future, be, efficient, more.

8.  The, is, small, modern, electric, car, vehicle.

9.  Our, will, car, move, automatically.

lX. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в сравнительной степени сравнения, назовите исходную и превосходную степени сравнения.

X. Запишите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 4).

1.  Scientists develop an automatic guidance system.

2. We select the destination.

Вариант 4

l. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения l).

16.  In the Motor Museum’s collection there is a car called the “Silver Ghost”.

17.  In Russia there were cities where motor cars were outlawed altogether.

18.  The engine is running and the coolant is circulating.

19.  It will be possible to go for long journeys using an automatic guidance system.

20.  The mechanic has already repaired the car.

ll. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle l и Participle ll и определите функции каждого из них. Предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

13.  Trams were introduced in the middle of the 19-th century.

14.  Buildings are slowly falling into pieces from transport gases.

15.  When given a task do it at once.

16.  Looking through your report I found some mistakes.

lll. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

13.  The supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes and the carriage had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam.

14.  When the vehicle appears in the streets, it must be stopped and escorted to the police station.

15.  The speed of the vehicle may not be over 4 miles per hour.

16.  The clubs practise meetings where members can exhibit their cars.

lV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-3 абзац текста.

From the history of automobile

1.  One of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle by mechanical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. But the first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by the French military engineer Cugnot in 1763. He built a steam-driven engine which had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles. The carriage was one of the greatest achievements but it was far from perfect and extremely inefficient. The supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes and the carriage had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam.

2.  In 1825 a steam engine was built in Great Britain. The vehicle carried 18 passengers and covered 8 miles in 45 minutes. However, the progress of motor cars met with great opposition in Great Britain. Further development of the motor cars lagged because of the restriction resulting from legislative acts. The most famous of these acts was the Red Flag Act of 1865, according to which the speed of the steam-driven vehicle was limited to 4 miles per hour and a man with a red flag had to walk in front of it.