Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине иностранный язык (английский) для специальности (-ей) 1- 24-01-02 Правоведение (Курс 1,2) (стр. 31 )

clothing industry 

coal and natural gas

industrial nation 

mineral

world market

producer

exports

1. Aerospace equipment and heavy machinery are major British_____.

2. Britain ranks as an important steel_____.

3.  Leeds is the chief centre of the British_____.

4.  Scotch whisky has a large_____.

5. The United Kingdom is a leading_____.

6. The United Kingdom is a major world producer of petroleum, ______________.

7. Petroleum is Britain’s most valuable ________.

Exercise 5. Say if the following  sentences contain TRUE (T)  OR FALSE

(F) information.

1.  The United Kingdom is a leading industrial  nation.

2.The country is one of the world’s largest producers of tractors.

3.Britain obtains natural gas from deposits below the Atlantic ocean.

4.Britain produces heavy machinery for industry, farming and mining.

5.About two-thirds of Britain’s farmers rent the farms on which they live.

6.Today Britain remains an important producer of cotton and woollen textiles.

7.The chemical industry in Britain produces a variety of products.

8. Books published in Britain are exported to countries throughout the world.

9.Hogs are Britain’s chief livestock.

10.The United Kingdom ranks as a leading trading nation.

11.Britain's oil wells provide nearly all the petroleum that the country uses.

Answer the questions.

Does the United Kingdom rank among the top industrial countries? Where are most British industries situated? What are the major British manufactured goods? The Industrial Revolution began in Britain’s textile industry, didn’t it? What are Britain’s most important crops? The United Kingdom is a major world producer of petroleum, coal and natural gas, isn’t it? Does the United Kingdom rank as a leading trading nation? What does Britain export? Do imports or exports prevail in British foreign trade? What are main trade partners of Great Britain?

Discussion

In groups of two or three discuss the following problems and make up your own conclusions.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. The agricultural sector satisfies two-thirds of the country’s needs. At present the United Kingdom has a substantial energy production sector based on oil, natural gas and coal.

Exercise 6. Translate the following text into English.

1.Великобритания - экономически развитая индустриальная страна.

2.Ве­дущая отрасль промышленности - машиностроение, в т. ч. электротехниче­ское и радиоэлектронное, транспортное (авиаракетостроение, авто - и судо­строение), тракторо - и станкостроение.

3.Развита нефтеперерабатывающая, химическая, текстильная и пищевая промышленность.

4.Развиты также обувная, швейная и другие отрасли легкой промышленности.

5.Великобритания входит в первую пятерку крупных экономически развитых держав.

6. В экономике страны промышленность играет ведущую роль и определяет ее место в мировом хозяйстве.

7. Экспорт включает машины и оборудование, нефть и нефтепродук­ты, продукцию химической промышленности.

8.Основными внешнеторго­выми партнерами являются страны ЕС, США и Япония.

9.Великобритания является крупным экспортером капитала.

10. Сельское хозяйство является одним из передовых отраслей британской экономики.

11.Сельское хозяйство высоко-интенсивно и обеспечивает 3/4 потреб­ностей страны в продовольствии.

12.Главная отрасль сельского хозяйства мясо-молочное и молочное животноводство.

13. В растениеводстве преоблада­ет зерновое хозяйство, возделывание сахарной свеклы, картофелеводство.

The United Kingdom. Geographical Position.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Ireland are the largest and there are about five thousands of small islands. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, though very often the country is referred to as the United Kingdom, the U. K., Great Britain or even England.

The North Sea, the Strait-of-Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The North of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. There are numerous lakes in Scotland and they are called Lochs.

The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest, east, centre and south-east is a vast plain. South English plain is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. In the south-east one can see the most beautiful scenery in England and the largest fruit-producing county Kent which is often called “The Garden of England”.

The mountains in Great Britain are not very high. There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river (388 km), while the Thames (354 km), which flows through rich agricultural districts into the North Sea, is the busiest and the most important river in England.

The swiftest flowing river in the British Isles is the Spey.

There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite resort.

The climate of Great Britain is mild. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the weather of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year long.

The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres, it is the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is over 58 million people. About 80 per cent of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London.

The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh. The most important ports are: London, Liverpool, Southampton, Belfast, Glasgo, Cardiff.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a Parliament and the Queen  as Head of state.

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Pre-reading activities

Exercise 1. Pronounce the following words paying attention to the stress. Translate the words into Russian.

  enterprise, earn, variety, output, manufacturing, output, include, chief, century, activity, importance, chemicals, equipment, fuel, service, account, loan, income, influence, source, individual, lubricants, medicine, automobile, insurance,  annually, purchase, vehicles, processing, machinery, engines, resources.

Exercise 2. Form the derivatives from the following words: to equip, value, practice, industry, active, regulate, situate, serve, provide, to insure, govern, employ, finance. transport, science, product, manufacture, machine, engine.

Vocabulary

ammount to  – составлять (сумму), равняться

beef cattle – крупный рогатый скот

chemicals – химические препараты

gasoline – бензин

hay -  сено

hog – свинья

household – домашнее хозяйство

mining -  разработка месторождений полезных ископаемых

phosphate – фосфат

rank -  занимать какое-либо место

soybean  – соя

total  -  сумма

commodity – товар

corn – зерно

exceed  – превысить

copper – медь

lead - свинец

machinery  – оборудование

manufacture – производство

lubricant – смазочный материал

motor vehicle – автомашина

newsprint – газетная бумага

precious  – драгоценный

wheat  – пшеница

grain -  зерно

volume  – объем

enable  – позволять, давать возможность

merchandise - товары

precision instruments – точные инструменты

rubber  - резина

clay - глина

lumber - лесоматериалы

leather  - кожа

Reading activities.

Text A.

The United States has one of the world’s highest standards of living. It ranks first in the world in the total value of its economic production.

The United States economy is based largely on a free enterprise system. A variety of natural resources provide the raw materials that support the economy of the United States. In addition to a moderate climate the most valuable resources are minerals, soil, water, forests and fish.

The United States has large deposits of coal, iron ore, natural gas and petroleum, which are vital to the country’s industrial strength. There are other important minerals: copper, gold, phosphates, silver and zinc. The United States ranks third after Russia and Saudi Arabia, in the production of petroleum. It is second to Russia in natural gas production and to China in coal production. Until the late 19th century agriculture was the dominant economic activity, but then industry gained importance. The United States has been the world’s leading industrial nation since early in the 20th century. Leading manufactured goods are processed foods, transport equipment, chemicals, industrial machinery, and electronic equipment. The three major mineral producers are fuels, oil, natural gas and coal. Important metals include gold, copper, zinc, magnesium, lead and silver. The source of most energy used to power motor vehicles is petroleum.

Manufacturing remains a key component of the US economy. The manufacturing regions are the north-east and north central regions.

The greatest gains in manufacturing in the south have been in Texas, and the most phenomenal growth in the west has been in California.

The leading categories of U. S. manufactured goods are chemicals, transportation equipment, processed foods, industrial machinery, and electronic equipment. California, Illinois, Ohio and Michigan are leading producers of industrial machinery, transportation equipment: passenger cars, trucks, airplanes, ships and boats and railroad equipment.

Texas and Louisiana are leaders of chemical manufacturing.

Food processing is an important industry in several states. California has a large fruit and vegetable-processing industry.

The electronic equipment industry includes the manufacturing of electric industrial apparatus, household appliances, radio and television equipment. California, Illinois, Indiana and Massachusetts are all leaders in the production of electronic equipment.