Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине иностранный язык (английский) для специальности (-ей) 1- 24-01-02 Правоведение (Курс 1,2) (стр. 32 )

The manufacture of fabricated metal and primary metal is concentrated in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan.

The rubber and plastics industry is located in the nation’s industrial core region. The manufacture of paper and paperboard is developed in Alabama, Washington, New York.

Other major US manufactures include textiles, clothing, precision instruments, lumber, furniture, tobacco products, leather goods, clay and glass items.

Agriculture accounts for 2 percent of the USA gross domestic product and employs 3 percent of the nation’s workers. Yet, the United State is a world leader in agriculture production. The country’s farms produce  as much food as the nation needs, with enough left over to export food to other countries. About a third of the world’s food exports come from US farms.

Beef cattle rank as the most valuable product of American farms.  Many of the cattle are raised on large ranches in southwestern states. Texas produces more beef cattle than any other state, and states such as as Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Iowa also raise many cattle. Dairy products represent about 11 percent of the yearly value of farm marketings and are the second most valuable item coming from American farms. California, Wisconsina, New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota are leading dairy states. Hogs and broiler chickens are other major livestock raised on US farms. In terms of market value, 68 percent of the hogs are produced in Iowa, North Carolina, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Indiana. The states of Arkansas, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina account for more than one-half of US broiler chicken output. Other major livestock and livestock products include chicken eggs, turkeys, and sheep and lambs.

Other leading farm products, in order of value, include milk, soy beans, eggs,  wheat, and cotton. United States farms also produce large amount of hay, tobacco, turkeys, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes and apples. Soybeans are grown primarily in the  Midwest, especially in Iowa and Illinois. Corn is a major crop in many parts of the United States, but  most is produced in the Midwest. Kansas usually leads all states in yearly wheat production. North Dakota, Montana, Oklahoma, Washington, Idaho, South Dakota, Colorado, Texas, Minnesota, and Nebraska also are major wheat producers. Other leading crops include peanuts, peaches, tomatoes, and apples. More than three-quarters of the oranges are produced in Florida; California grows nearly one-half of the nation’s fresh vegetables. Additional major crops grown on US farms are sorghum grain, dry beans, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, celery, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, green peppers, mushrooms, cantaloupes, and water-melon. Other valuable fruit crops include cherries, pears, plums and prunes, and strawberries.

Foreign trade provides markets for surplus agricultural goods and many raw materials and manufactured goods produced in the United States. The nation imports goods that it lacks entirely or that producers do not supply in sufficient quantities. It also imports goods produced by foreign companies that compete with U. S. firms. During much of the country’s history, the value of US exports has exeeded, or been about the same as the value of its imports. But since the mid-1960’s, the value of imports has usually been much higher than the value of exports.

Important US exports include machinery and transportation equipment, such as aircraft, computers, electronic equipment, industrial machinery, and motor vehicle and parts; manufactured articles, especially scientific measuring equipment; chemical elements and compounds, including plastic materials; basic manufactures, such as metals and paper; and agricultural products, especially corn and wheat.

The leading US exports include machinery and transportation equipment, such as automobiles and parts, engines, office machines, and telecommunications equipment; manufactured articles, such as clothing, shoes, and toys; mineral fuels and lubricants, especially petroleum; basic manufactures, such as iron, steel and other metals, and paper and newsprint; and chemical products, such as chemical compounds and medicines.

Canada and Japan are the country’s chief trading partners. Other major US trading partners include Germany, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. 

Post-reading activities.

Exercise 1. Match the words listed below with the dictionary definitions that follow.

agriculture  merchandize  resources

consumer  manufacturing  wage

enviroment  enterprise  output

industry  profit  mining

production  service

Payment in return for work or services, especially that made to workmen on a daily, yearly, weekly or piecework basis. The act process or industry of extracting coal, ores, ect. from the earth. The sector of an economy that it concerned with manufacturing. A person who purchases goods and services for his own personal needs. The science or occupation of cultivating land and rearing crops and livestock; farming, husbandry. The production of goods especially by industrial mercial goods, commodities. A business unit; a company or firm. The act of production or manufacture. Things that are made to be sold. External conditions or surrounding; especially those in which people live. The process of manufacturing or growing something in large quantities. A source of economic wealth, especially of a country (mineral, land). A job that an organization of business can do for you.

Exercise 2. Group the words into 10 synonyms groups. 

goods  personal  production

benefit  central  commodities

company  enormous  merchandize

manufacturing  main  produce

timber  lumber  individual

large  core

leading  enterprise

output  profit

Exercise 3. Group the words into 10 antonyms groups.

rich  subordinate

dominant  decline

variety  home

growth  exclude

strength  small

include  scarcity

foreign  export 

import  cheap

expensive  weakness

large  poor

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below

The United States of America is a ________ republic in North America. The United States _________ in the world in the total value of its economic production. The United States economy is based largely on ____________ system. The United States has one of the world’s ____________. The United States has large _______of coal, iron ore, natural gas and petroleum. The leading categories of US _______ are chemicals, transportation equipment, processing foods, industrial machinery and electronic equipment. The United States is ___________ in agriculture.

manufactured goods federal ranks first deposits a world leader a free enterprise system

  7. highest standards of living

Exercise 5. Are the following statements true or false?

The United States of America has one of the world’s highest standards of living. The US economy is based on a government controlled system. The United States ranks first in the world in the total value of its economic production. The United states is the world leader in agriculture production. The manufacturing regions are the south and west regions. The leading categories of US manufactured goods are chemicals, transportation equipment, processed foods, industrial machinery and electronic equipment. The three major mineral producers are fuels: oil, natural gas and coal. Canada is the world’s leading trading nation. France, Germany, Russia are the US chief trading partners. The electronic equipment industry includes the manufacturing of electric industrial apparatus, household appliances, radio and television equipment.

Exercise 6. Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer.

The United States of America is a federal republic in South America Central America North America Asia The United States economy is based largely on: private ownership free enterprise system large companies common ownership The United States has large deposits of peat natural gas iron ore petroleum potassium The United States ranks third after Russia and Saudi Arabia in copper gold petroleum silver The source of most energy used to the power motor vehicles is  natural gas petroleum coal electricity The leading categories of US products are in order of value chemicals, food products, non-electrical machinery transportation equipment, food products, non-electrical machinery chemicals, transportation equipment, food products chemicals, transportation equipment, processed foods, etc.

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions

Does the United States rank first in the world in the total value of its economic production? What system is the United States economy based on? What are leading manufactured goods? What deposits of minerals are there in the USA? Name the leading categories of US manufactured goods. Which states are leading producers of industrial machinery and transportation equipment? Which states are leaders of chemical manufacturing? What does electronic equipment industry include? Is the United States a world leader in agriculture production? What do the United States farms produce? The USA is the world’s leading trading nation, isn’t it? What makes up the categories of exports?

Proverbs and sayings. Read the proverbs and find the equivalents in the native language. Use  them in the situation of your own.

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.

Nothing succeeds like succcess. 

Text B.

The USA is a highly-developed industrial and agricultural country. Today the US economy is flying high.

The American economy is a dynamic, free market system, though the federal government plays an important part in the market place. So, the US economy is considered to be mixed There are a number of factors that turned the US into a leading and prosperous state: a favourable geographic position, abundant natural resources, development of profitable branches of industry, free market system. Besides, the US didn’t suffer from the consequences of World War II.