Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине иностранный язык (английский) для специальности (-ей) 1- 24-01-02 Правоведение (Курс 1,2) (стр. 5 )

Формы глагола to be

I am in the room.
Я нахожусь в комнате.

The book is on the table.
Книга лежит на столе.

В данных примерах глагол to be является самостоятельным глаголом. Так же, как и в русском языке, глагол to be может быть глаголом-связкой в именном сказуемом (в значении "есть").

В отличие от русского языка, в английском языке глагол-связка никогда не опускается, поскольку английское предложение имеет строго фиксированный порядок слов: подлежащее (subject) +сказуемое (verb) + дополнение (object)

I am a doctor.
Я врач. (Я есть врач.)

The weather is bad.
Погода плохая.

They are from Paris.
Они из Парижа.

Итак, глагол-связка to be в английском предложении никогда не опускается, т. к. он входит в именное сказуемое, и его место после подлежащего. На русский же язык глагол to be в данных случаях не переводится:

I am happy.
Я счастлив.

The book is interesting.
Книга интересная.

He is our teacher.
Он наш учитель.

Глагол to be не требует вспомогательного глагола для образования вопросительной или отрицательной формы.

Чтобы задать вопрос нужно поставить глагол to be перед подлежащим:

Am I happy?
Is the book interesting?
Is he our teacher?

Для образования отрицательной формы достаточно поставить отрицательную частицу not после глаголаto be:

I am not happy.
The book is not interesting.
He is not our teacher.

В разговорной речи отрицательная частица not часто сливается с глаголом to be, образуя сокращения:

is not = isn't
are not = aren't

Также глагол to be может сокращаться, сливаясь с личным местоимением:

I am = I'm
We are = we're
He is = he's

Complete what Brenda says about herself on the picture.

Use is or are. My name (1) ______ Brenda Foster. I (2) ______ on the left in the picture. I (3) ______ ten years old and I (4) ______ in the fifth form. My birthday (5) _____ on the first of January. I (6) ______ from Santa Monica, California, USA. I (7) ______ American. My phone number (8) ______ 235-456-789. I live at 16 Park Street. My post code (9) ______ LA 30 SM. I’ve got a sister and a brother. Their names (10) ______ Gina and Paul. Gina (11) ______ 16 years old and Paul (12) ______ only three. I’ve also got a dog. His name (13) ______ Spot. He (14) ______ on the right in the picture. My Mum (15) ______ a doctor. She works at a hospital. My Dad (16) ______ a driver. He works in Los Angeles. We (17) ______ all friendly in our family.

Fill in is, are, He’s, She’s, l’m, They’re.

How _____ your mum? — _______ fine, thanks. How _____ your parents? — _____ OK. How _____ you? — _____ very well, thank you. How _____ your uncle? — _____ fine, thanks. How _____ your children? — _____ OK. How _____ Liz? — _____ fine, thanks. How _____ your cousin? — _____ very well, thank you

Write in was / were

1._______ your mum tired yesterday?

2. _______ you hungry yesterday evening?

3._______ it cold yesterday?

4._______ your teacher sad yesterday?

5._______ your pet hungry yesterday?

Вставьте глагол to be в нужном времени. (Present Simple / Past simple / Present Perfect / Future Simple)

Present Simple

Fred _____ thirteen now. «____ you English? «No, l _________. Her name _____ Ann. «______ David a good friend?» «Yes, he _______». __________ these men doctors? «You_______ from Belarus, _________ you?» «Yes, that______right». There__________ a nice lake in the forest. Let’s go! There ________no more questions, _________there?

Past Simple

«When you ________ a small child, _________ you happy?» «Yes, I ________. I ________ very happy.» They (not) ________ ready for the lesson last Tuesday. The days_________ cold and wet last September. There ________20 pupils in our class last year.

Present Perfect

13. I ________ill for the last few weeks.

14. Where _______ John _________ all day?

15. They (not) ________ to this part of the country.

16. «________ she________ to America? » «No, she ________.»

Future Simple

17. He ________ 13 years old tomorrow.

18. I ________ back home at 6 o’clock.

19. We __________ at the library at that time.

20. They __________ here at 3 o’clock. 21. They ________ happy to see us.

Вставьте глагол tobe в нужном времени. (Present Simple / Past simple / Present Perfect / Future Simple)

A

Hello! Му name ________ Alan. I________ thirteen. My friend’s name ________ David. He ________ thirteen, too. We ________ from Belarus. Last summer we ________ at the seaside. The weather ________ sunny. There________ many people on the beach. We had a good time. I hope next summer it ________ sunny and warm, too. There________ a lot of nice days. I ______ never ________ to other countries. Some day in future I ________ lucky to visit London and my holidays ________ great.

B

1. The animals ________ in danger. 2. There ________ only a few mountain gorillas in the world now. 3. It ________ the thirty-first today. 4. The wind ________ strong yesterday. 5. We________ at the end of Cliff Road when Alan fell down. 6. What ________ the weather like yesterday? 7. I hope your leg________ better soon. 8. ________ you________ at home tomorrow? 9. _______ you ever________ to London? 10. I ________ ill for a week.

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

Мой дядя – ученый. Я родом из Бразилии. Супермаркет находится недалеко от нашего дома. Джон не был голоден. Мы болеем. Дети были в школе. Билеты не будут дешевыми. Стулья не были деревянными. Ключи будут на столе. Эта футболка была подарком моей мамы

Simple Present – Present Progressive

Simple Present	Present Progressive
infinitive (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speaks we speak they speak	form of 'be' and verb + ing I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' : For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes After a consonant, the final consonant ybecomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries but: play - he plays	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for - ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: traveling (American English) Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Simple Present	Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never) Colin plays football every Tuesday. present actions happening one after another First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.	right now Look! Colin is playing football now. also for several actions happening at the same time Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
always every... often normally usually sometimes seldom never first then	at the moment at this moment today now right now Listen! Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want

Simple Present	Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule The film starts at 8 pm.	arrangement for the near future I am going to the cinema tonight.

Simple Present	Present Progressive
daily routine Bob works in a restaurant.	only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Certain Verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).

state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit

Example: We are on holiday.

possession: belong, have

Example: Sam has a cat.

senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

Example: He feels the cold.

feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish

Example: Jane loves pizza.

brain work: believe, know, think, understand

Example: I believe you.

Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say

Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous илиPresent Simple.

1. He (to work) in the centre of the city.

2. I (to write) an exercise now.

3. You (to go) to school on Saturdays?

4. We (not to dance) every day.

5. They (to play) in the room now?

6. Where he (to live)? – He (to live) in a village.

7. He (to sleep) now?

8. They (to read) many books.

9. The children (to eat) soup now.

10. He (to help) his mother every day.

11. You (to play) the piano well?

12. Look! Kate (to dance) now.