Сборник методических указаний для обучающихся к практическим занятиям (стр. 2 )

1. Как было сказано раньше, причастие II правильных глаголов образуется так же, как форма Past Simple, т. е. посредством прибавления окончания -ed к инфинитиву без частицы to с соответству-ющими орфографическими изменениями.

2. Причастие II неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами, причем очень часто причастие II совпадает с формой Past Simple:

to make — made — made

to bring — brought—brought

Причастие II, как и причастие I, ни по лицам, ни по числам не изменяется.

3. Причастие II обычно употребляется в роли определения (отвечает на вопрос какой?) и на русский язык переводится причастием настоящего времени с окончанием - мый, или причастием прошедшего времени с окончанием - тый, - нный, - вшийся, -вший:

стерилизуемый

sterilized стерилизующийся

стерилизованный

стерилизовавшийся

4. Причастие II, не имеющее относящихся к нему слов, может стоять как перед существительным, так и после него. В этом случае при переводе на русский язык причастие русского предложения всегда следует ставить перед существительным:

The examined patient has a У обследуемого больного тя-

severe form of caries. желая форма кариеса.

The patient examined has a У обследуемого больного тя-

severe form of caries. желая форма кариеса.

Примечание. Если после подлежащего стоят две глагольные формы с окончанием -ed, то первая из них обычно является причастием, а вторая — глаголом:

The medicine prescribed Прописанное лекарство по-

acted very well. действовало очень хорошо.

The patient asked answered Спрошенный больной отве-

that he had a toothache. тил, что у него болит зуб.

The doctor called examined Приглашенный врач тща-

the patient carefully. тельно осмотрел больного.

5. Если причастие II имеет относящиеся к нему слова (вырванный зуб, отправленный в санаторий, осмотренный врачом), то оно всегда ставится после существительного:

The patient examined by the Больной, осмотренный врачом…

doctor…

Предложение, в состав которого оно входит, переводится на русский язык причастным оборотом или придаточным предложением:

The roentgenogram made yes - Сделанная вчера рентгено-

terday showed nothing ab - грамма не показала ничего

normal. ненормального.

The pain felt by the patient Боль, которую чувствовал

is a symptom of a dangerous больной, — признак тяжелой

disease. болезни.

6. Причастие II может играть в предложении роль обстоятельства времени или причины. В этом случае причастие II всегда стоит в начале предложения перед подлежащим. Предложение с таким причастием переводится на русский язык сложноподчиненным предложением:

Given in time, the medicine Так как лекарство было да-

had a good effect. но вовремя, оно имело хоро-

шее действие.

Examined by the doctor, he Когда его осматривал врач,

complained of a severe pain он пожаловался на сильную зубную боль.

in his tooth.

7. Перед причастием II в роли обстоятельства часто ставится слово when - когда:

When examined by the doctor, Когда его осматривал врач,

he complained of a severe pain он пожаловался на сильную зубную

in the tooth. боль.

8. Причастие II может служить частью именного сказуемого, в этом случае оно переводится на русский язык кратким причастием:

The tooth is drawn. Зуб удалён.

The tooth decay is cured. Кариес вылечен.

Conservation is carried out. Консервативное лечение проведено.

The patient's face is swollen. Лицо больного опухло.

5.3.Самостоятельная работа по теме:

Изучающее чтение текста "Dentistry Today (Приложение 1).

2.1 Упражнения, предшествующие изучающему чтению:

2.1.1.Упр. 1-3 стр.10

2.1.2. Просмотрите текст и скажите, о чем в нем говорится?

2.2.Прочитайте текст.

2.3.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

2.3.1.What is dentistry?

2.3.2. How can all kinds of food we eat influence our teeth?

2.3.3. Whom were most dental operations long ago performed by?

2.3.4. What is the dentist today?

2.3.5. How long does professional training of dentists last nowadays?

2.3.6. What do most student dentists study for the first two years?

2.3.7. Can you name other subjects for the next years of training?

Упр 1-3 стр11-12 /

Просмотровое чтение текста "The History of KrasMU Institute of Stomatology" (см. Приложение 2):

1. Просмотрите текст.

2. Разбейте текст на смысловые части.

3. Скажите, о чем говорится в каждой из частей.

4. Передайте суть данного текста по-русски в виде максимально сжатой
аннотации.

5.4. Итоговый контроль знаний:

Тестовые задания по теме

1. STUDY OF BASIC MEDICAL SUBJECTS_______CLOSELY WITH CLINICAL DENTISTRY.

1) interconnects

2) interconnected

3) is interconnected

4) are interconnected

2. IN THE MIDDLE AGES DENTAL OPERATIONS__________

BY TRAVELLING TOOTH DRAWERS AND BARBERS.

1) are performed

were performed

is performed

performed

3. DURING THEIR CLASSES STUDENTS_________THE TECHNIQUES ON PHANTOM HEADS.

1) are teached

2) are taught

3) are teaching

4) is taught

4. BIOETHICS AND HISTORY OF DENTISTRY________AT OUR UNIVERSITY NEXT TERM.

1) will study

2) are studying

3) are studied

4) will be studied

5. SOME NEW INVESTIGATIONS _______BY OUR PROFESSORS LAST YEAR.

1) were carried out

2) carried out

3) has carried out

4) are carried out

Ситуационные задачи по теме:

1. A delegation of students from the College of Dentistry of New York University visited the Institute of Stomatology of KrasSMu. You are a first-year student. Tell your collegues about the history of your faculty, its aims and main research trends.

2. Imagine you are a member of students’ delegation from the College of Dentistry of New York University. Ask your collegues questions about their University.

6. Домашнее задание для уяснения темы занятия:

6.1. Вопросы для самоподготовки:
6.1.1.What is dentistry?

6.1.2. How can all kinds of food we eat influence our teeth?

6.1.3. Whom were most dental operations long ago performed by?

6.1.4. What is the dentist today?

6.1.5. How long does professional training of dentists last nowadays?

6.1.6. What do most student dentists study for the first two years? 6.1.8. Can you name other subjects for the next years of training?

6.2. Выучить лексический материал, подготовить сообщение о системе стоматологического образования в России.

7. Рекомендации по выполнению НИРС:

Для выполнения НИР студента необходимо:

- определить цели и задачи работы;

- продумать и запланировать этапы выполнения работы;

- провести поиск информации, включая электронные источники;

- провести анализ источников информации;

- провести исследовательскую часть работы;

- оформить работу в соответствии с требованиями, разработанными и утверждёнными кафедрой, соблюдая такие критерии оценивания работы как научность, актуальность, новизна, логичность изложения, наглядность и доступность;

- оформить рисунки, схемы, таблицы, подготовить презентацию доклада;

- сделать выводы, в которых излагаются результаты работы;

- указать библиографию;

- при необходимости оформить приложения.

Примерные темы проектов/докладов:

“The History of KrasSMU Institute of Stomatology”,

“The Contribution of the Krasnoyarsk Scientists into Stomatology”.

Приложение 1

DENTISTRY TODAY

Dentistry is the branch of medicine concerned with diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases and abnormalities of the teeth and gums. Tooth decay and gum diseases are a health problem made worse by the kinds of food we eat. It is estimated that in the United States alone, 29 million people have no teeth of their own. One person in 3 over the age of 35 needs dentures (false teeth), while half the adults over 40 have some teeth missing because of gum disease.

Until the middle of the 19th century, most dental operations were performed by travelling tooth drawers and barbers. Today the dentist, like the doctor, is a highly-trained person whose work is vital to the health of the community.

The professional training of dentists lasts several years. For the first two years, most student dentists undergo general medical training. They study subjects such as anatomy (the structure of the body), physiology (how the body works), biochemistry (the chemical reactions in the body), and also special anatomy and physiology concerning the structure of the mouth and teeth, how the teeth grow, and how they become unhealthy or diseased. Gradually they specialize in dental subjects such as prosthodontics (the use and manufacture of false teeth), orthodontics (straightening teeth), conservation (fillings), and oral surgery (operations on the teeth, gums, jaws and other nearby parts).

Приложение 2 The History of KrasSMU Institute of Stomatology

The history of KrasSMU Institute of Stomatology began with the course of stomatology of the Hospital Surgery department (the head of the course was associate Professor Yu. I. Bernadsky). Yu. I. Bernadsky was a well-known outstanding scientist, Professor, Honoured Research Worker, organizer of the stomatological department of the Regional Clinical Hospital and its head in .

The Stomatologacal faculty at Krasnoyarsk State Medical Institute with the enrollment of 150 students was established in 1978, a docent of the course of stomatology at the department of Hospital Surgery A. A. Levenets being appointed its dean (). The Director of the Central Research Institute of Stomatology, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Science A. I. Rybakov helped much in the foundation and organization of work at the stomatological faculty.

In there were five joint expeditions of the Central Research Institute of Stomatology (CRIS) and Krasnoyarsk medical Institute into the study of dental morbidity of adult and children population in different regions of the Krasnoyarsky Territory and Khakasia.In studies at the phantom preclinical course began. In the next academic year the Department of Stomatology (the head of department was docent A. A. Levenets) with the courses of Oral Surgery and Oral Therapy was founded. In three special departments were opened - the Department of Oral Surgery (= Dental Surgery = Operative Dentistry), the Department of Oral Therapy (= Preventive Dentistry) and the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry (= Prosthodontics = Oral Orthopaedics), the Department of Pedodontics (= Children's Dentistry).

In 1983 the Stomatological faculty made its first graduation.

In 1983 under the aegis of the World Health Organization (WHO) the first in the USSR International seminar with the participation of the doctors of Siberia and Far East "The Use of Epidemiologic Research for Planning Dental Aid and Prevention of Dental Morbidity" was held.

At present the enrollment for the specialty 'stomatology/dentistry' is 50 people.

In 1989 a stomatological polyclinic of KrasSMU was set up. Now it houses the Departments of Oral Therapy (= Preventive Dentistry), Prosthetic Dentistry (= Prosthodontics), Oral Surgery (= Dental Surgery = Operative Dentistry) and Maxillofacial Surgery, Propedeutics of Dental Diseases.

In 2002 the Department of Oral Surgery was renamed into the Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery. The Department of Propedeutics of Dental Diseases was established in June 2002. In March 2005 the Stomatological faculty was reorganized into the Institute of Stomatology of KrasSMU (director - Professor V. V. Alyamovsky).

Now there are seven subdivisions within the framework of KrasSMU Institute of Stomatology. They are:

- the Department of Ear-Nose-Throat Diseases with the Course of Post-diploma Education;

- the Department of Oral Orthopedics;

- the Department of Children's Stomatology;

- the Stomatology department of the Institute of Post-diploma Education;

- the Department of Oral Therapy;

- the Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery;

- a Stomatological polyclinic.

Приложение 3 Teaching Dentistry in KrasSMU Institute of Stomatology

The course of studies at the Institute of Stomatology lasts five years. During the first year the students master the so-called preclinical subjects: physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology and ecology, psychology and pedagogics (or educational psychology), human anatomy, Latin, English, history of medicine, bioethics.

In the second year some special subjects are introduced: anatomy of head and neck, cytology of the oral cavity organs, orthopaedic propedeutics, and oral therapy propedeutics. At the end of the fourth term the students have a two-week practical training at a hospital. They work as assistants of ward and procedure nurses.In the third year they have subjects both in general medicine (microbiology, virology, general surgery, anesthesiology, etc., and in stomatology (orthopaedics, oral therapy, propedeutic oral surgery, prophylaxis and epidemiology of dental diseases). At the end of the third year of studies the students have the second two-week practical training during which they work as assistants of dentists in oral therapy.

The fourth year is characterized by two practical trainings (at the end of the seventh and eighth terms). They master the skills of dental surgeon and dental orthopedist. Besides special subjects the curriculum includes cycles in obstetrics, infectious diseases, otorhynolaryngology, neurology, dermatovenereology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and narcology (the science of narcotics), etc.